HCMUS - Danh sách bài trích tạp chí (The List of Article)
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Isolation and screening of potential bacteriophages for inhibition of Pseudomonas spp. from shrimp’s samples
Pseudomonas spp. are significant bacterial pathogens in farmed shrimp, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. This study investigated the potential of bacteriophages to control Pseudomonas spp. isolated from shrimp. Eight Pseudomonas spp. isolates were screened against 28 bacteriophage strains to determine their host range. Bacteriophage strains ΦXP4.1, ΦXP2.1, and ΦXP2.2 were selected for further analysis, including plaque assays and biofilm experiments, due to their ability to infect several Pseudomonas spp. isolates. All three phages effectively infected Pseudomonas sp. VCST7 and reduced bacterial density. Notably, ΦXP4.1 demonstrated the highest efficacy, reducing bacterial density by 11.08% and biofilm biomass by 66.3%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that ΦXP4.1 belongs to the class Caudoviricetes, with an average head diameter of 61.301 nm and an average tail length of 135.7 nm. These findings suggest that bacteriophages, particularly ΦXP4.1, hold promise as biocontrol agents against Pseudomonas spp. in aquaculture.
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Construction and transient expression of the Cap protein of porcine circovirus 3 in Nicotiana benthamiana
Porcine circovirus (PCV) leads to severe illnesses in pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), reproductive impairments, and kidney disease syndrome. Among the four recognized genotypes (PCV1 –PCV4), PCV3 has emerged as a globally distributed pathogen that includes Vietnam and represents a major economic burden to the global pig farming industry. Acting as a major immunogen, the Cap protein effectively induces protective immunity, highlighting its potential as a target antigen for subunit vaccines against PCV3. In this study, a plant expression vector carrying the gene encoding the Cap3 protein fused with the GCN4pII motif (Cap3-pII) was constructed and then introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transformed bacteria were then infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression level of the Cap3-pII protein, with a yield of approximately 13 mg/kg of fresh leaf. These results provide a basis for further research on developing a subunit vaccine against PCV3 using transient expression technology in plants.b
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Longevity/fecundity tradeoff in Caenorhabditis elegans by unfavorable bacteria Microbacterium sp. newly isolated from forest
Bacteria are food sources for the Caenorhabditis nematodes. This prey-predator interaction becomes a model to investigate the effects of each bacterial strain on the nematodes at multiple levels (phenotypes to molecular regulations). To see how the interaction could be, we isolated many Caenorhabditis nematodes and the associated bacteria from the forests. Theoretically, they have been living and evolving, suggesting that they would have specific interaction. In this research, we report the identification of a new environmental bacteria associated with the nematode genus Caenorhabditis in Cat Tien National Park with the 16S rDNA. We identified the bacteria as Microbacterium sp. CFBb57.1. In the second part of our investigation, we investigated the impacts of the bacteria on the longevity and reproduction of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using the control Escherichia coli OP50. The results showed that C. elegans living on CFBb57.1 had extended longevity and they had a reduction in reproduction, presenting a longevity/fecundity tradeoff. Last, in the bacterial preference test, we found their preference was modulated on CFBb57.1 in comparison with the control OP50, suggesting that the worms did not prefer CFBb57.1 over OP50. However, more CFBb57.1 -acclimating worms were chemotactic to CFBb57.1, indicating that worms had genetic mechanism(s) to adapt to CFBb57.1. C. elegans responded differently to the Microbacterium bacteria in this study and previous reports. In this study, it first showed the tradeoff and acclimation. Thus, this report will facilitate the studies of how the Caenorhabditis nematodes could evolve the mechanism(s) of tradeoff that was also presented in other bacterial genera and the mechanism(s) of acclimation that would be epigenetic to neutralize the impacts of bacteria.
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Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes against fungi causing anthracnose and leaf spot on rose plants
Roses (Rosa spp., family Rosaceae) are one of the most iconic and beloved flowering plants worldwide. They serve not only as ornamental plants but also possess high economic value. However, rose production is currently threatened by various fungal diseases, including anthracnose, leaf spot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew, which reduce both productivity and quality. Therefore, the identification of actinomycete strains for the development of biological control agents is urgently needed. In this study, 17 strains of actinomycetes were isolated by using the gradient dilution and confrontation methods. Among them, the DT5 strain was selected for its strong antifungal activity, showing inhibition rates of 58.33% against anthracnose (R2 strain) and 52.17% against leaf spot (R3 strain) in roses. Colonies of the DT5 strain displayed a dry surface with concentric rings, initially white but gradually turning whitish-gray. Microscopic observation revealed elongated, branched hyphae and short, hook-shaped spore chains. Based on these morphological features, the DT5 strain was preliminarily classified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The DT5 strain was able to synthesize cellulase and effectively assimilate various carbon sources (such as glucose and sucrose) as well as nitrogen sources (including NaNO3, beef extract, and peptone). Additionally, the DT5 strain grew well at temperatures ranging from 30-37°C and at pH 5.0- 7.0. Under optimal conditions, after 5 days of culture at pH 6.0, the DT5 strain significantly enhanced its antifungal activity against both the R2 and R3 strains with inhibition zones of approximately 15 mm and 20 mm, respectively. Our results suggest that the DT5 strain has good potential as a biological control agent against fungal diseases. However, future in vivo experiments under greenhouse and field conditions are required to validate its antifungal efficacy. These efforts will guide the development of effective and sustainable biocontrol products not only for managing fungal diseases in roses but also for potential application in protecting other economically important crops.
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Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of coral mucus isolated from Porites lobata in vitro
Marine-derived natural products have attracted much interest from scientists (chemists and pharmacologists), since many of their potential bioactivities are still unexplored. Among marine natural products discovered to date, 56% are anticancer, 13% are antibacterial, 5% are antifungal, and 3% are antiviral compounds. These compounds come from green algae (1%), red algae (4%), brown algae (5%), sponges (31%), corals (24%), and marine microorganisms (15%). Coral reefs, especially Porites lobata, secrete surface mucus layers (SMLs) that serve as essential barriers in host defense and microbial regulation. However, environmental stressors such as bleaching may alter the biochemical composition of this mucus, compromising its biological functions. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant properties of mucus obtained from healthy and bleached P. lobata corals to assess the impact of bleaching on their natural protective capabilities. The DPPH assay and flow cytometry with dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity of coral surface mucus layer samples. The antioxidant activity of healthy coral mucus was significantly higher than that of bleached mucus, with a 2-fold increase at 1/5 and 1/10 dilutions, and nearly a 2.8-fold increase at 1/20 dilution. The results indicate that mucus from healthy corals exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than that from bleached corals. DPPH analysis showed stronger radical scavenging ability in healthy mucus extracts, while flow cytometry demonstrated a marked reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in treated HCT116 cells compared to both bleached mucus and control groups. These findings suggest a decline in the coral’s natural defense mechanisms post-bleaching. The mucus from healthy corals has the ability to reduce the accumulation of intracellular ROS in HCT116 cells, indicating its potential to against oxidative stress-related diseases. The robust antioxidant activity of healthy coral mucus highlights its potential as a source of novel marine-derived antioxidants. This study supports further investigation into the bioactive compounds from the surface mucus layer of healthy Porites spp. corals for potential therapeutic applications against oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Isolation of Penicillium strains from the mangrove forests of the Northern coastal region with high potential for mycophenolic acid production for pharmaceutical applications
Penicillium is known as a genus of fungi that is widely distributed throughout the environment and found all over the world. The Penicillium genus is found both on land and in coastal mangrove areas, where it exists on various parts of plants and animals, playing roles in symbiosis and the decomposition of organic matter. Coastal mangrove forests are highly regarded for the diversity of their microbial populations, especially fungal species. Previous studies have shown that marine fungal strains contain many potential bioactive compounds that may be utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Compounds derived from fungal strains originating in coastal mangrove areas have commercial value and demonstrate greater potential for research and the production of new drugs compared to those isolated from terrestrial environments. Among them, marine fungal strains of the genus Penicillium have been shown to exhibit novel biological activities, particularly those with significant medical applications, such as antibiotics, antifungal, antiinflammatory, anticancer agents, and immunosuppressants for preventing organ transplant rejection. In the context of the developing healthcare sector and the growing demand for organ transplants in the country, there is a priority to actively produce mycophenolic acid (MPA) from domestic sources. Therefore, this study reports the isolation of 24 Penicillium strains from the Northern coastal region, which exhibit high potential for mycophenolic acid biosynthesis, with a focus on production for pharmaceutical applications in Vietnam.