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Ấn phẩmModelling transport decarbonisation pathways in Vietnam: Synergies and trade-offs in supporting the energy transition(2025) Fajriningrum, NuzuliaTransport is the second-largest energy using sector in Vietnam and is projected to have the highest energy and emissions growth in future years. This paper explores options for decarbonising Vietnam’s transport sector using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative scenario design and quantitative energy system modelling. Three strategies are explored - modal shifting, fuel switching, and improving fuel economy, alongside Vietnam’s 8th Power Development Plan to identify alternative pathways to reduce transport emissions. Further scenarios are constructed to assess the wider implications of low-carbon mobility in fostering Vietnam’s energy transition towards climate mitigation targets. We find that improving fuel economy is the most efficient transport-focused pathway to decouple emission and energy demand from mobility growth, while modal shift is crucial for reducing traffic congestion and carbon dioxide emission. Fuel switching to electric vehicles must be undertaken in parallel with efforts to lower carbon intensity in power generation, to avoid the risk of indirect emissions. Combining all three transport decarbonisation strategies with higher renewables and a carbon tax can fulfil Vietnam’s unconditional Nationally Determined Contributions target by 2030. While the co-benefits of carbon dioxide abatement and fuel import avoidance will improve Vietnam’s energy security and environmental sustainability, the study suggests that the risks of trade-offs in land-use implications and rising future electricity costs must be considered to support a just and equitable energy transition in Vietnam.- Ấn phẩmThe securitization process of energy issues in vietnam and its implications for Vietnam-ASEAN energy cooperation(2025) Nguyen, Truc Mai; Hoang, Anh ThoEnergy is becoming increasingly concerned in Vietnam due to rising domestic demands, geopolitical tensions, and the transition to sustainable development. Amid such circumstances, Vietnam has issued a Resolution on Orientation for the Vietnam National Energy Development Strategy to 2030, with a vision to 2045 and several other action plans. This motivates the authors to analyze Vietnam’s energy policy through the lens of securitization theory. The paper explores the process of securitizing energy issues in Vietnam and its implications for Vietnam-ASEAN energy cooperation. By using qualitative research including content analysis of policy documents and secondary sources, the authors determine Vietnam’s energy securitization process in three phases: non-securitization, politicization and securitization. The paper finds that Vietnam is currently in phase three of energy securitization, manifested in its harmonized policy and strong collaboration for energy development, aligned with its national interests, domestic environmental policy, and international green transition commitments. This article also elaborates on the achievements and challenges of Vietnam’s energy securitization process, thereby highlighting implications of this securitization process for Vietnam-ASEAN energy cooperation and offering policy recommendations for neighboring countries collaborating with Vietnam in the energy sector.
- Ấn phẩmNumerical model in water quality: The case study of Da Nang Cityin central Vietnam(2025) Doan, Thuy Kim PhuongThe planning and treatment of wastewater discharged into rivers and seas is vitalfor tourism, domestic water supply, and other key sectors. This study used theMIKE 21 model to evaluate water quality trends and the assimilative capacity ofthe Vu Gia River estuary and the major reservoirs in Da Nang, considering futurepollution loads and climate change scenarios (RCP8.5). Key parameters assessedinclude DO, BOD₅, COD, and Coliform. Results show a general decline inwater quality (WQI) from 2019 to 2030 and again by 2070, with DO and BOD₅contributing most to pollution. While COD and Coliform remained withinacceptable limits (WQI > 75), the Phu Loc River had the lowest WQI (66.0–62.2).Other affected areas include the Han River (downstream and upstream) and theCu De River. Reservoirs like Dong Nghe and Hoa Trung maintained better waterquality (WQI > 80), though a downward trend was still observed
- Ấn phẩmModeling drought risk and water management strategies in South-Central Vietnam: A case study of Ninh Thuan Province(2025) Tran, Anh DuongBasin-scale modeling plays a crucial role in informing policymakers on how to optimize water resource management. This study implements an integrated modeling framework combining MIKE NAM and MIKE HYDRO Basin to evaluate water demand, deficits, and drought risks in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam. The MIKE NAM model accurately simulated runoff during both calibration and validation, while MIKE HYDRO Basin effectively reproduced reservoir storage, with percent deviations ranging from -17% to nearly 29% in calibration and -6% to nearly 8% in validation. The validated models were then applied to assess drought conditions under two periods: a 2017 baseline (SCE1) and a 2030 projection incorporating climate change (CC) and sustainable development (SCE2). Results indicate a significant increase in water demand under SCE2, primarily driven by CC. Agriculture and livestock remained the dominant water users, with agriculture alone accounting for over 70% of total demand in both periods, reflecting growing stress on water resources. Drought risk assessment showed increased spatial extent and severity, with conditions ranging from abnormally dry to extreme, especially in the agriculture-dependent districts of Thuan Nam and Thuan Bac. The analysis also revealed that the current infrastructure under SCE1 is insufficient for sustainable water management. While infrastructure enhancements were introduced in SCE2, their effectiveness varied: drought impacts were reduced in Thuan Bac but worsened in Thuan Nam. These findings provide critical insights into future regional drought dynamics and highlight the urgent need for localized, adaptive strategies to address CC impacts and ensure long-term water security in Ninh Thuan.
- Ấn phẩmBuilding blocks for a successful just energy transition: A stocktake analysis of Indonesia and Vietnam(2025) Ayas, CerenSoutheast Asia is a rapidly growing region with significant potential to fast-track decarbonisation. The Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) in Indonesia and Vietnam highlight a strengthened commitment to advancing the low-carbon transition through country-led approaches. These initiatives focus on phasing out or reducing unabated coalfired power generation and halting new coal plants while prioritising fair and inclusive outcomes for vulnerable workers, coal-dependent communities, consumers, and incumbent industries. This paper introduces an analytical framework to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative financial models in addressing carbon lock-in and accelerating equitable, climateresilient development. The paper then presents a stocktake analysis to assess the developments in Indonesia and Vietnam following the Just Energy Transition Partnerships against these benchmarks and suggests both countries partially achieved in governance, systemic and socio-economic benchmarks within the first two years of operationalising the JETPs. However, significant gaps remain in achieving a just transition in Indonesia and Vietnam, specifically on financing constraints. We propose four priority areas that span systemic, financial, governance and socio-economic considerations to enable a net-zero aligned energy system, enhance the enabling environment to mobilise financing, enhance policy coordination and collaboration and enhance social and economic resilience
- Ấn phẩmKhung phát triển dự án điện gió ngoài khơi do khu vực tư nhân chủ trì tại Việt Nam: các bước tiếp theo để thúc đẩy hành trình phát triển điện gió ngoài khơi của Việt Nam(2025) World BankBáo cáo này nhằm cung cấp thông tin tổng quan cho các bên liên quan trong ngành về chính sách và quy định hiện hành của Việt Nam liên quan đến điện gió ngoài khơi, đồng thời đưa ra các khuyến nghị cho Chính phủ nhằm cải thiện khung pháp lý, hỗ trợ triển khai dự án hiệu quả và đạt được các mục tiêu quốc gia. Để hiện thực hóa tiềm năng điện gió ngoài khơi và hoàn thành các mục tiêu năng lượng quốc gia, Việt Nam cần áp dụng một cách tiếp cận cân bằng, tận dụng hiệu quả năng lực của cả khu vực nhà nước và tư nhân, đồng thời xây dựng một môi trường đầu tư ổn định và hấp dẫn.