Agriculture and rural development
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- Ấn phẩmEnvironmental efficiency of pig production in Chuong My District, Hanoi(2023) Le, Thi Thu Huong; Luu, Van DuyChuong My is a suburban district of Hanoi with a rapid development of pig farming, accompanied by the problem of environmentalpollution. For the sustainable development of livestock production, besides improving production efficiency, it is necessary to reduce environmental pollution. This study measured production efficiency considering environmental factors (environmental efficiency) to assess the sustainability of pig farms in the district. This study used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with undesirable output (COD emissions) to measure environmental efficiency in pig production. The research results showed that theaverage production inefficiency score was 1.07, while the average environmental inefficiency score was 1.19. This shows that if environmental factors are not considered, the measurements of production efficiency are biased. Using Tobit regression, the study showed that the factors that increased environmental efficiency were the installation of biogas digesters and the pollutant removal efficiency of manure treatment facilities. Meanwhile, increases in the volume of wastewater discharging into the treatment plants reduced environmental efficiency. These findings confirm the importance of biogas plants in manure treatment in Vietnam. To improve environmental efficiency, it is necessary to enhance the efficiency of treatment facilities and apply water-saving technologies in livestock production.
- Ấn phẩmInhibitory effects of ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) raven extracts on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa(2023) Nguyen, Xuan HoaThis study examined the phytochemical composition and algicidal effectiveness of Ludwigiaoctovalvis.The powder sampleswereextracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with polar solvents (water-diluted ethanol, acetone, methanol, and water). The preliminary phytochemical analyses used standard proceduresfollowing Sofowora and Harborne.Totalphenoliccontents in extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using acalibration curveofgallic acid. The resultsshowed that this plant contains polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, glycosides, and saponins.The bestconditions for the extraction of polyphenol compounds with a total polyphenol content of 149.22±0.96 mg GAE g-1were acetone/water70:30 (v/v)and a solvent-to-material ratio of 20 mL g-1. The inhibitory effect of the extracts against M. aeruginosagrowth increasedfrom 40.71 to 81.56% on day 7 when exposed to concentrationsof the extract from 50-200 μg mL-1according tothe cell counting method.TheL.octovalvisextract was identified as an effective inhibitorof the growth ofM.aeruginosa.
- Ấn phẩmOptimal culture conditions for the enhanced mycelial growth and cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)(2023) Nguyen, Thi Huyen TrangLentinula edodes(Berk.) Pegler, commonly known as shiitake mushroom, is one of the most popular edible mushrooms with valuable medicinal properties. Despite its global popularity, the cultivation of shiitake in Vietnam has been limited due to a lack of research on this macrofungus. This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions for the mycelial growth and fruiting body development of two shiitake strains, J1 and J2. The culture conditions were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method. A temperature of 25°C was found to be optimal for the growth of both strains, while glucose was identified as the most effective carbon source. Yeast extract and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were found to be the optimal nitrogen sources for favorable mycelial growth of strains J1 and J2, respectively. The most suitable spawning material for upscaling the mycelium was a mixture of 74% grain rice, 25% sawdust, and 1% CaCO3. Additionally, the cultivation of strain J2 on a mixture of 69% corncobs, 20% sawdust, 10% wheat bran, and 1% CaCO3led to a higher biological yield (36.5%) than that of strain J1 (23.5%).These findings provide useful information for improving the cultivation technology of shiitake and expanding its cultivation in Vietnam.
- Ấn phẩmComparative analysis of an integral component of bacterial cell division from the Lactococcusand BacillusGenera(2023) Tong, Van HaiFtsZ proteins have been well-characterized to play a crucial role in cell division. Unfortunately, data are scarceon FtsZ proteins in the Lactococcusand Bacillusgenera. The objective of this study was to analyze the features of FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus genus groups. By exploring the available genomes, we identified and characterized FtsZ proteins in 19 Bacillus and 22 Lactococcus species. The sizes and weights of the FtsZ proteins ranged from 376 to 410 aa residues and 39.53 to 44.15kDa in the Bacillus genus, respectively, and from 387 to 430 aa residues and 41.14 to 45.11 kDa in the Lactococcus genus,respectively. All the FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus species were acidic and globular, and localized in the cytoplasm. Next, 3D modeling and multiple alignments were performed. We realized that the FtsZ proteins in the Bacillus and Lactococcus species exhibited five specific regions. Taken together, our study could provide a general background for further functional characterization of the FtsZ proteins in Bacillus and Lactococcus species.
- Ấn phẩmIdentification of three toxocaraspecies, T. canis in dogs, and T. cati and T. malaysiensis in cats, in Vietnam by PCR-RFLP Analysis and DNA sequencing(2023) Nguyen, Thi Hoang YenToxocara canisand T. catiare common roundworms parasitizing dogs and cats, respectively. However, a recent study detected T. malaysiensis, but not T. cati, in cats from some parts of Ha Noi and Nam Dinh Provinces raising the question of whether T. catiis present in cats in Vietnam. This study was conducted to determine the composition of Toxocaraspecies in dogs and cats in Vietnam. One hundred and twenty-seven Toxocaraadult worms were collected from dogs and cats and were analyzed by PCR-RFLP assay and DNA sequencing of a partial section of the cox1gene. As a result, all samples amplified by PCR showed bands about 430 bp in length. PCR products digested by MseI from isolates from cats and dogs showed four and two restriction patterns, respectively. The six different patterns were chosen to sequence.Based on the restriction patterns and sequencing results, two Toxocaraspecies were identified in the cats, namely T. cati(110/111 isolates) and T. malaysiensis(1/111 isolates) collected from Ha Noi and Hai Duong, respectively; and T. caniswas identified in the dogs (16/16 isolates). In addition, the present study indicated intra-specific sequence variations of Toxocaraspp. in dogs and cats. In conclusion, the study confirmed the presence of both T. catiand T. malaysiensisin cats, and T. canis in dogs in Vietnam, and suggests further large-scale investigations to fully understand the distribution and genetic variations of Toxocaraspp. in cats and dogs in Vietnam.
- Ấn phẩmResponses to water deficit of mung bean cultivars at the vegetative and flowering stages under greenhouse conditions(2023) Vu, Thi Thuy HangMung bean (Vigna radiataL. Wilczek) is grown mainly under rainfed conditions, facing water deficits in different growth stages. This study was conducted to evaluate the responses of a local cultivar, Dau tam Thanh Hoa, and three introduced mung bean cultivars (DX14, Mongo Labo, and TV06425) to water stress at the different growth stages. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse following a completely randomized arrangement with two replications.Drought was induced by withholding water at either the vegetative or flowering growth stages for 20 consecutive days. The control consisted of well-watered plants. After 8, 12, 15, and 20 days of drought, plant available water, growth characteristics, and the weights of fresh stems and roots were measured. After 20 days of drought, plants were watered to assess their recovery after 7 days and the growth characteristics, weights of fresh stems and roots, and yield components at the harvest stage were evaluated. The results showed that drought affected the growth, resilience, and yield-related factors more severely at the vegetative stage than at the flowering stage. The longer drought was imposed, the greater decline in plant growth was observed. Despite the recovery, fresh root mass and root length were still 40-50% and 10-30% worse than the control, respectively. Based on the growth responses and individual yields, Dau tam Thanh Hoa and DX14 were more tolerant to water deficit and can be used as materials for improving the drought tolerance of mung bean.