Gender issues
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- Ấn phẩmImpact of changing pre-exposure prophylaxis regimens on retention among men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam (2020−2023): A cohort study.(2025) Setrakian, NairaIntroduction: We examined the association of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programme retention with the use of daily,event-driven (ED) or regimen switching reported during follow-up at any point prior to discontinuation among men who havesex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam.Methods: Between April 2020 and February 2023, we collected data from PrEP clients at Hanoi Medical University SexualHealth Promotion clinic who were prescribed either ED or daily PrEP at the initial visit; at subsequent visits, clients reportedthe regimen used since the prior visit. We defined three categories of PrEP use: ED-PrEP exclusively, daily PrEP exclusivelyand switching regimens. The primary outcome was time to discontinuation in the PrEP programme during the study period,defined as missing a scheduled visit by > 30 days. We performed survival analysis using Kaplan−Meier curves.Results: In total, 2107 people were included: 61.1% (n = 1288) reported exclusive use of daily PrEP, 10.4% (n = 220)reported exclusive use of ED-PrEP and 28.4% (n = 599) reported switching PrEP regimens. Among switchers, 29.40% (n= 176) switched more than once. Furthermore, 82.5% switched from daily to ED-PrEP and 17.5% switched from ED todaily PrEP. The median time to discontinuation in the PrEP programme was 105 days (IQR: 52−182) among those report-ing exclusive use of ED-PrEP, 104 days (IQR: 56−274) among those reporting exclusive use of daily PrEP and 163 days (IQR:101−308) among those who switched. Among switchers, those who switched more than once had a median time to discon-tinuation in the PrEP programme of 231 days (IQR: 137−380) in comparison to 133 days (IQR: 90−274) for those whoswitched once.Conclusions: We provide real-world data from MSM in an HIV PrEP programme in Vietnam that those who switched hadlonger periods of retention during the study period. Our findings suggest that offering flexible PrEP regimen options mayimprove engagement and long-term adherence among this population.
- Ấn phẩmGender equality and sustainability in Vietnamese higher education: Educators’ perspectives(2025) Rana, Muhammad Qasim; Không cóGender inequality remains a critical challenge in Vietnamese higher education, particularly regarding how academic roles and advancement opportunities are distributed. Despite existing policies promoting gender equality, gaps persist in leadership and career development, potentially limiting women’s representation and growth. This study examines Vietnamese educators’ perspectives on gender equality in higher education, focusing on academic rank awareness and attitudes toward gender-related issues. A quantitative research design was employed, using a structured survey distributed among faculty members across different academic ranks, including lecturers, senior lecturers, associate professors, and professors. Data were analysed through statistical measures, including frequencies and percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, and post hoc analysis to assess variations in perspectives on gender equality based on academic positions. The findings reveal significant differences in gender equality awareness across academic ranks. Educators in senior positions reported greater recognition of gender disparities, especially in leadership roles and promotion processes, than those in junior roles, who exhibited less awareness of such issues. This study’s practical implications suggest that Vietnamese higher education institutions should adopt targeted interventions, such as gender awareness programs and transparent promotion processes, to foster a more inclusive environment. Additionally, mentorship programs for female academics could enhance their career advancement opportunities. This research contributes original insights into how the academic hierarchy affects gender equality perceptions within Vietnamese higher education, offering a basis for the development of policies that support equitable career pathways.
Ấn phẩmFrom pandemic to progress: Rethinking workpatterns in Vietnam to improve flexibility and support gender equality(2025) Akbari, Mohammadreza; Không cóThis article aims to understand the characteristics of flexible work arrangements in Vietnam. First, it examines the adoption offlexible work arrangements in the aftermath of COVID-19, which had profound impacts on work-life balance, career opportu-nities, and workplace gender dynamics. Despite Vietnam's significance as a large emerging economy, research on flexible workarrangements among workers operating in this nation has been limited. Second, using conservation of resources theory, comple-mented by positive organizational behavior theory, the study identifies the resources needed for flexible work and those createdduring this specific time period. An online survey was utilized to collect primary data from n = 217 Vietnamese workers on thisphenomenon. Although women reported low levels of preparedness for remote working, beneficial aspects for both genders arosethrough greater flexibility, reduced commuting, increased productivity, financial savings, and more leisure time. Third, the studyproposes a conceptual framework to enhance the implementation of remote working and discusses implications for organiza-tions and governments in emerging economies like Vietnam.- Ấn phẩmA Review of Women's Entrepreneurship in Vietnam Taking into Account Socio-Cultural Norms and the Institutional Ecosystem.(2016-08) Anh, Nguyen Hoang; Giang, Hoang Truong; Tuan, Du Vu Hoang; Tram, Hoang BaoThis paper reviews the status quo of women entrepreneurs considering the impact of socio-cultural norms and institutions on women’s entrepreneurship in Vietnam. First, we discuss relevant literature and provide an overview of women’s entrepreneurship in Vietnam. We analyse the impact of socio-cultural norms and institutional landscape on motivation to start and do business of Vietnamese women and identify critical facilitators and barriers that currently affect women entrepreneurs in Vietnam. Finally, we propose recommendations for changes to traditions and norms, and improvement of government policies in supporting women entrepreneurship in Vietnam.
- Ấn phẩmDo female directors add value?(2012-01) Tuan, NguyenThis study investigates whether female directors have a significant effect on financial performance of publicly listed companies in the Vietnamese market. Using a dynamic random-effects model to explore a longitudinal dataset comprising 480 firm-year observations, we report that the companies with female directors in their boardrooms perform better than those without. Our finding thus supports the proposition that boardroom gender diversity appears to be an important internal corporate governance strategy which helps to improve firm performance. As Vietnam and many other East Asian countries are now implementing compulsory policies or calling for voluntary attempts to increase board gender diversity, our paper is especially timely and provides useful insight for policy formulation.
- Ấn phẩmIntimate partner violence among pregnant women and postpartum depression in Vietnam: A longitudinal study(2019) Nhi, Tran Tho; Hanh, Nguyen Thi Thuy; Hinh, Nguyen Duc; Toan, Ngo Van; OthersBackground. Exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy is associated with a wide range of adverse reproductive health outcomes. However, detailed knowledge on the association between specifc types of exposure to partner violence and postpartum depression is limited. Purpose. Te aim of the present study was to investigate the association between exposure to emotional violence, physical violence, and sexual violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression among women in northern Vietnam. Methods. Te study was designed as a longitudinal study, which included a total of 1,337 women. Te study participants were recruited from 24 communes in Dong Anh District, Hanoi, Vietnam, and interviewed four times: (a) at enrolment (which took place no later than week 24 of the pregnancy); (b) at a gestational age of 30-34 weeks; (c) at delivery; and d) 4-12 weeks afer delivery. Emotional, physical, and sexual violence exerted by the intimate partner were measured using a modifed version of the questionnaire initially developed by the World Health Organization, and signs of depression were measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Results. More than one-third of the women (35.3%) experienced at least one type of violence during their pregnancy and 8.2% of the women reported postpartum depression. Te results of multivariate analyses showed that both physical and sexual violence were statistically signifcantly associated with postpartum depression (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.19-6.35 and AOR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.01-3.73, respectively). Conclusions. Te results showed strong and statistically signifcant associations between partner violence and postpartum depression. Tese fndings clearly demonstrate a crucial need for relevant health professionals to identify women who are exposed to partner violence and screen for postpartum depression in order to mitigate the negative mental health outcomes among Vietnamese women.