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- Ấn phẩmResilience in practice: The roles of Vietnamese social organizations in pandemic prevention(2025) Dang, Thi Viet PhuongThis paper investigates the resilience of Vietnamese social organizations through their roles and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While international literature highlights the crucial contribution of social organizations to public health crises, especially in the post-pandemic recovery phase, scientific analysis of Vietnamese counterpart’s has remained scarce. Drawing on empirical data of the situation of social organizations in Hanoi and HồChí Minh City during and after the COVID-19, this article explores how these organizations participated in pandemic prevention, what internal and external resources they mobilized, and how they evaluated their own impact. By examining organisational characteristics such as type, operational scope, field of activity, human resources, funding sources, and relationships with the state, the paper provides a multi-dimensional view of social organizations’ engagement during the crisis. The analysis identifies key factors influencing the capacity of social organizations to adapt, maintain operations, and respond effectively under extreme pressure. In doing so, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the sector’s flexibility, responsiveness, and evolving rolein pandemic governance in Vietnam.
- Ấn phẩmImpact of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Viet Nam in 2013 on chronic hepatitis B infection(2016) Li, XiAdverse Events Following Immunization in Viet Nam in 2013 led to substantial reductions in hepatitis B vaccination coverage (both the birth dose and the three-dose series). In order to estimate the impact of the reduction in vaccination coverage on hepatitis B transmission and future mortality, a widely-used mathematical model was applied to the data from Viet Nam. Using the model, we estimated the number of chronic infections and deaths that are expected to occur in the birth cohort in 2013 and the number of excessive infections and deaths attributable to the drop in immunization coverage in 2013. An excess of 90,137 chronic infections and 17,456 future deaths were estimated to occur in the 2013 birth cohort due to the drop in vaccination coverage. This analysis highlights the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage and swiftly responding to reported Adverse Events Following Immunization in order to regain consumer confidence in the hepatitis B vaccine.
- Ấn phẩmImproving antimicrobial use through antimicrobial stewardship in a lower-middle income setting: a mixed-methods study in a network of acute-care hospitals in Viet Nam(2021) Vu, Thi Lan HuongObjectives: This study aimed to analyse the current state of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in hospitals in Viet Nam, a lower-middle income country (LMIC), to identify factors determining success in AMS implementation and associated challenges to inform planning and design of future programmes. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in seven acute-care hospitals in the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance network in Viet Nam. Data collection included 7 focus group discussions, 40 in-depth interviews and a self-administered quantitative survey of staff on AMR and AMS programmes. We summarised qualitative data by reporting the most common themes according to the core AMS elements, and analysed quantitative data using proportions and a linear mixed-effects model. Results: The findings reveal a complex picture of factors and actors involved in AMS implementation from the national level to the departmental and individual level within each hospital. The level of implementation varied, starting from the formation of an AMS committee, with or without active delivery of specific interventions. Development of treatment guidelines, pre-authorisation of antimicrobial drug classes, and post-prescription audit and feedback to doctors in selected clinical departments were the main interventions reported. A higher level of leadership support and commitment to AMS led to a higher level of engagement with AMS activities from the AMS team and effective collaboration between departments involved. Conclusion: Establishing country-specific guidelines on AMS staffing and adapting standards for AMS education and training from international resources are needed to support capacity building to implement AMS programmes effectively in LMICs such as Viet Nam.
Ấn phẩmEffectiveness of behavioural tobacco cessation interventions with and without pharmacotherapy among people living with HIV in Viet Nam: a three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial(2026) Shelley, DonnaBackground People living with HIV are two to three times more likely to smoke than the general population, resulting in higher risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this growing burden of disease, there is little evidence for the long-term effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of three tobacco cessation interventions among people living with HIV. Methods We conducted an open-label, three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial in 13 outpatient HIV clinics (OPCs) in Hanoi, Viet Nam. Adults who smoked at least one cigarette a day, lived in Hanoi, had a clinic visit in the past 12 months, and had daily access to a mobile telephone that could receive text messages were allocated (1:1:1) to either: proactive referral to Viet Nam's national smokers’ Quitline counselling programme (Quitline group); six-session tailored counselling delivered by trained OPC nurses plus text messages (Counselling + SMS group); or Counselling + SMS plus 6 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (ie, 2 mg nicotine gum; Counselling + SMS+ gum group). Randomisation was by stratified permuted block randomisation with block sizes of three and six. Neither study participants, OPC health-care workers, nor study staff were masked to group assignment. All patients received advice to quit and brief cessation counselling during their physician visit. The primary outcome was 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence confirmed at 6 months by exhaled carbon monoxide concentration of less than 8 ppm, assessed with an intention-to-treat analysis. The trial was registered on Dec 17, 2021, at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05162911). Findings Between Nov 30, 2021 and Sept 27, 2023, 672 patients were randomly allocated to the three test groups (221 to the Quitline group, 225 to the Counselling + SMS group, and 226 to the Counselling + SMS + gum group). 338 (50%) patients reported dual waterpipe and cigarette use. At 6 months, 109 (16%) patients had confirmed abstinence (28 [13%] for Quitline, 40 [18%] for Counselling + SMS, and 41 [18%] for Counselling + SMS + gum). There were no significant differences between intervention groups: Counselling + SMS versus Quitline (odds ratio 1·48, 95% CI 0·78–2·81; p=0·33), Counselling + SMS+ gum versus Quitline (1·64, 0·86–3·11; p=0·17), and Counselling + SMS + gum versus Counselling +SMS (1·11, 0·61–2·00; p=0·91). There were no serious adverse events linked to the study interventions throughout the trial duration. Interpretation Integrating nurse-delivered cessation treatment and proactive referral to a national Quitline was feasible within the context of HIV care. In the absence of evidence that tailored interventions provide additional benefit, our findings suggest that national Quitlines, available in 42 low-income and middle-income countries, might serve as a resource for integrating tobacco treatment into HIV care systems.- Ấn phẩmEfficacy against pneumococcal carriage and the immunogenicity of reduced-dose (0+ 1 and 1 + 1) PCV10 and PCV13 schedules in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial(2023) Temple, BethBackground Interest in reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules is growing, but data on their ability to provide direct and indirect protection are scarce. We evaluated 1+1 (at 2 months and 12 months) and 0+1 (at 12 months) schedules of PCV10 or PCV13 in a predominately unvaccinated population. Methods In this parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial, healthy infants aged 2 months were recruited from birth records in three districts in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and assigned (4:4:4:4:9) to one of five groups: PCV10 at 12 months of age (0+1 PCV10), PCV13 at 12 months of age (0+1 PCV13), PCV10 at 2 months and 12 months of age (1+1 PCV10), PCV13 at 2 months and 12 months of age (1+1 PCV13), and unvaccinated control. Outcome assessors were masked to group allocation, and the infants’ caregivers and those administering vaccines were not. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were analysed for pneumococcal carriage. Blood samples collected from a subset of participants (200 per group) at various timepoints were analysed by ELISA and opsonophagocytic assay. The primary outcome was the efficacy of each schedule against vaccine-type carriage at 24 months, analysed by intention to treat for all those with a nasopharyngeal swab available. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03098628. Findings 2501 infants were enrolled between March 8, 2017, and July 24, 2018 and randomly assigned to study groups (400 to 0+1 PCV10, 400 to 0+1 PCV13, 402 to 1+1 PCV10, 401 to 1+1 PCV13, and 898 to control). Analysis of the primary endpoint included 341 participants for 0+1 PCV10, 356 0+1 PCV13, 358 1+1 PCV10, 350 1+1 PCV13, and 758 control. At 24 months, a 1+1 PCV10 schedule reduced PCV10-type carriage by 58% (95% CI 25 to 77), a 1+1 PCV13 schedule reduced PCV13-type carriage by 65% (42 to 79), a 0+1 PCV10 schedule reduced PCV10-type carriage by 53% (17 to 73), and a 0+1 PCV13 schedule non-significantly reduced PCV13-type carriage by 25% (–7 to 48) compared with the unvaccinated control group. Reactogenicity and serious adverse events were similar across groups. Interpretation A 1+1 PCV schedule greatly reduces vaccine-type carriage and is likely to generate substantial herd protection and provide some degree of individual protection during the first year of life. Such a schedule is suitable for mature PCV programmes or for introduction in conjunction with a comprehensive catch-up campaign, and potentially could be most effective given as a mixed regimen (PCV10 then PCV13). A 0+1 PCV schedule has some effect on carriage along with a reasonable immune response and could be considered for use in humanitarian crises or remote settings.
- Ấn phẩmAssessment of the association between PM2.5 concentration and hospital admissions for pediatric asthma in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam(2024) Ho, Huu TinhDespite the growing concern over the impact of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on respiratory health, studies on the association between PM2.5 and childhood asthma in Vietnam have remained relatively sparse. The study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of PM2.5 on asthma hospital admissions in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. The PM2.5 database from 2016 to 2019 was collected at two fixed monitoring stations. The health database was collected from all three children’s hospitals. A time-series regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between the daily PM2.5 concentration and hospitalizations for asthma. A total of 11,223 records of children under five years old hospitalized for asthma were collected, of which 64 % were male and 70 % were aged 2 to under five years old. The daily mean PM2.5 concentration over the study period was 28.2 μg/m3 . Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag2, lag3, and lag04, we found that the excess risk of total asthma hospital admission was 2.71 %, 2.63 %, and 3.9 %, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, female gender and children aged from two to under five years had more significant effects. PM2.5 poses a risk to children’s health; therefore, the local authority should prioritize improving the air quality.