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- Ấn phẩmSmall states from a realist perspective(2025) Le, LenaRealism, a longstanding and highly influential theory in the study of International Relations (IRs) and foreign policy formulation, provides a robust framework for explaining, predicting, and addressing various global issues. Given its significance, examining Realism’s perspective on small states has become increasingly essential, especially as these states grow in number and influence within the international system. This research engages with the core tenets of Realist thought to elucidate its views on small states. Key aspects under consideration include the role of these states as IRactors, their power, their structural position within the international system, the impact of an anarchic global environmenton them, and the security policies they adopt. Additionally, the analysis explores Realism’s theoretical and practical limitations in understanding small states and the influence of international institutions on their behavior. Building on this theoretical foundation, the study provides a critical assessment of how Realism conceptualizes small states while highlighting the shortcomings in explaining their behaviors and agency as distinct actors in global affairs.
- Ấn phẩmHo Chi Minh and the leaders and people of China during the esistance war against the United States(2025) Nguyen, Anh CuongThis article provides a qualitativeapproach to critically examine the interplayof personal and strategic relationships between Hồ Chí Minh and critical leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Liu Shaoqi, throughout the resistance war against the United States (1954-1975). The primary data were collected from archival materials of the Communist Parties of Vietnam and China, including meeting minutes, diplomatic correspondence, and political reports related to military and political aid decisions. Additionally, memoirs of the leaders and international studies provide a more comprehensive perspective. The research findings highlight that the personal relationship between Hồ Chí Minh and Chinese leaders was instrumental in securing comprehensive support from China. This article provides novel insights by delving into the personal dimensions of international relations, an aspect often overlooked in previous studies that primarily focused on strategic and national policy levels. Furthermore, it offers a more holistic view of howthese personal relationships significantly contributed to Vietnam’s success in the resistance war against the U.S.
- Ấn phẩmComparative analysis of E-government development status of ASEAN member states: Accomplishments and challenges(2025) Tissayakorn, KittipongE-government enhances efficiency, transparency, participation, and democracy through technology. Recent decades have seen global advancements in E-government, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. This study assesses E-government development of 10 ASEAN countries and their global standings. It relies on data from the United Nations E-government Survey (2014–2024), and the key performance metrics of E-government progression include the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and the E-participation Index (EPI). The findings reveal that the EGDI of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam has significantly improved over the past decade, while Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar have achieved moderate gains in EGDI. Additionally, Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand have made significant progress in EPI during the same period, while most ASEAN countries have achieved moderate improvements in citizen engagement. The common E-government challenges facing most countries in the ASEAN bloc are inadequate internet access, low digital literacy, digital divides, and public distrust in digital platforms. Policymakers must prioritize investments in digital infrastructure to expand broadband access and bridge urban-rural divides. Additionally, resources should be allocated for enhancing digital literacy through educational initiatives. Moreover, updated cybersecurity and data protection laws are essential to fostering public trust in digital platforms. This study is the first to comprehensively compare E-government development and performance across all 10 ASEAN countries over the past decade. It provides insights into regional convergence and divergence through a mixed-methods approach.
- Ấn phẩmThe interplay of government support, open innovation, and dynamic capabilities: Driving ambidexterity and performance in Vietnam(2025) Huynh, Chi DungThis study investigates the influence of government support, dynamic capabilities, and open innovation (inbound and outbound) on organizational ambidexterity and performance in Vietnam’s emerging market context. Despite growing interest in these constructs, their joint effects and underlying mechanisms are underexplored, particularly in emerging economies. Drawing on the resource-based and dynamic capabilities views, we develop a conceptual model and test it with a partial least squares–structural equation model using data from 356 senior managers. Our results show that government support significantly enhances open innovation and directly improves performance. Open innovation positively influences ambidexterity and performance, acting as a partial mediator. Dynamic capabilities also strengthen ambidexterity. These findings show the interdependent role played by external support and internal capabilities in enabling firms to balance exploration and exploitation and attain sustained performance. The study advances the open innovation literature by modeling inbound and outbound flows as a second-order construct and offers practical guidance for firms and policymakers in emerging economies that aim to foster innovation.
- Ấn phẩmDoes corruption impact on state budget: evidence of southeast Asia countries with a focus on Vietnam(2025) Nguyen, Thuc Huong Giang; Vu, Hoa Dat; Nguyen, Van HongCorruption, a pervasive issue in many countries, significantly undermines economic development and governmental efficiency. Corruption is measured by a corruption index such as the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and the Control of Corruption Index (CCI). In Vietnam, the corruption index reflects the severity and prevalence of corrupt practices, which may impact various facets of the economy, including the state budget. This study aims to explore how corruption influences the Vietnamese state budget. Secondary data is collected from 2012 to 2022, a period of social and economic changes in Vietnam. The study finds that while higher corruption perceptions, as indicated by the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), are correlated with higher revenue collection, the Corruption Control Index (CCI) shows a significant relationship with expenditure. In Vietnam, corruption does not have a direct effect on both revenue and expenditure to GDP, while factors like foreign direct investment (FDI) and inflation play a more significant role in shaping government revenue and fiscal policy. The research contributes to the literature adding the mechanism of influences of corruption index to state budget revenue and expenditure and being the first study to investigate this impact in Vietnam. This country still has problems with corruption and budget management. The paper also provides practical implications in helping researchers and policymakers, especially those in developing and emerging countries to develop a deep understanding of the impact of corruption on the state budget, as a cause-and-effect relationship in society, and from that prepare a necessary measure to prevent corruption as well as CCI and CPI upgrade to maintain citizen’s and businesses’ trust in the socio-political system, thereby support to the well management of the state budget.
- Ấn phẩmAnti-corruption strategies in Feudal Vietnam: Historical perspectivesfrom the 10th to the 19th century and modern applications(2025) Đỗ, Đức Minh; Nguyễn, Anh CườngThis study analyzes the phenomenon of corruption in Vietnam from both historical and contemporary perspectives to draw lessons and propose practical solutions. Using Klitgaard’s theoretical framework with the formula ‘C =M+D – A’ (Corruption=Monopoly+ Discretion – Accountability), the research clarifies the root causes of corruption, including the concentration of power, lack of transparency, and accountability, in both the feudal historical context and the present day. Based on historical anti-corruption measures such as the ‘clean subsidy’ system during the Nguyễn Dynasty and the Đô Sát Viện oversight system, the study compares them with international experiences, including Tackling Corruption with Investigative Power in Brazil, high salary policies and strict sanctions in Singapore, and the application of technology in India to reduce direct contact in public services. This study contributes to the field of anti-corruption by combining historical analysis and modern theory to build a comprehensive theoretical framework that explains corruption mechanisms within Vietnam’s unique cultural and political context. Practical solutions proposed include reforming the civil servant salary system, enhancing information transparency, establishing independent oversight agencies, and promoting the application of technology. The study holds academic value and aids in developing effective policies to promote transparent governance and sustainable development in Vietnam.