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    • ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF STREPTOMYCES ISOLATES FROM CON DAO NATIONAL FOREST
    Authors: Le, Pham Nguyet Thuong; Truong, Hoa Thien; Tong, Thi Hang (01-2022)

    Streptomyces are considered the most potential microbes with the ability to produce antimicrobial and anticancer agents. These bacteria are found mostly in soil across the globe and play a pivotal role in material recycling processes. Isolation of Streptomyces in Vietnam has been conducted for years. However, there are few investigations on protected regions which have very little exchanging activities. This project aims to explore the resource for antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces isolated from Con Son Island (Con Dao). Eighteen soil samples were collected in different surface lands in Con Dao and cleaned prior to culturing and isolation. Twenty-five isolates (named from C1 to C...
    • GROWTH ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS FORMULAE OF ESSENTIAL MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS ON WHITELEG SHRIMP AT DIFFERENT SALINITIES
    Authors: Do, Viet Phuong; Nguyen, Thao Suong; Chau, Tai Tao; Nguyen, TK Loan; Touchet, Audric; Gutter, Gaetan; Mahl, Philippe; Phan, Hoang (01-2022)

    Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is now the main species cultivated in various geographic locations. Whiteleg shrimp have a wide range of salinity tolerance, but a matter of deficiency of minerals and trace elements need to be taken care of when shrimp are grown in low saline area. It may induce higher mortality and slower growth performances of shrimp. Two stages of shrimp juveniles were subsequently tested with different formulae of a liquid nutraceutical of essential minerals and trace elements. Each stage was performed in a 28-day trial with follow-up parameters of shrimp growth indices and environmental changes throughout the tests. The use of mineral supplementation in whi...
    • OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR SPORE PRODUCTION OF Paenibacillus polymyxa IN937a AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
    Authors: Pham, Trung Hieu; Tran, Dai Lam; Le, The Tam; Vu, Thi Thoa; Nguyen, Thi Phuong Thao; Ho, Tu Cuong; Vu, Dinh Hoang; Le, Dang Quang (01-2022)

    In this study, we optimized the fermentation medium for spore production of Paenibacillus polymyxa IN937a. Seven factors including molasses, glucose, magnesium sulfate, potassium pyrophosphate, yeast extract, zinc sulfate, and ammonium sulfate are selected as the basis for the screening of factors affecting the spore production of P. polymyxa IN937a by the Plackett-Burman experiment. Based on the analysis of the Plackett-Burman matrix, the result showed that yeast extract, molasses, and ammonium sulfate were the three main impact factors (P < 0.05), which affected the yield of P. polymyxa IN937a spores. Then, the optimum combination of the three factors was subsequently optimized by t...
    • Scaling up rural sanitation in Vietnam: political economy constraints and opportunities
    Authors: Harris, Daniel; Kooy, Michelle; Nam, Pham Quang (1/1/2011)

    This paper presents the findings of one of two country case studies conducted as part of a broader project entitled ‘Analysing the governance and political economy of water and sanitation service delivery’. The objective of the research project is to develop the utility of political economy analysis for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector, with a focus on improving the operational impact of DFID (and other donor) country programming. While the objective of the case study is therefore to inform the development of DFID’s approach to sector-level political economy analysis (PEA), the paper and the research that underpins the paper have been undertaken with the primary goal of wo...
    • Alien and invasive plant species and their risk in National Parks of Vietnam
    Authors: Tan, Dang Thanh; Thu, Pham Quang; Dell, Bernie (1/1/2012)

    Invasive species cause economic, or environment harm or harm to human health. They have identified elsewhere in the world, yet their introduction and effect have not documented in Vietnam yet. Of 134 alien species, 25 invasive plants species were discovered at 10 nation parks scattered through-out Vietnam. The risk of invasive species was assessed for three national parks, and their risks were different. For examples, Chromolaena odorata and Mimosa diplotricha are highest risk at Cat Ba National Park. However, Mikania micrantha Kunth., Chromolaena odorata, and Mimosa diplotricha cause more risk at Son Tra natural conservation area. Whilst Mimosa pigra, Panicum repens, and Eichhornia c...
    • Controlling HIV epidemics among Injection drug users: eight years of cross-border HIV prevention interventions in Vietnam and China
    Authors: Hammett, Theodore M.; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Kling, Ryan; Binh, Kieu Thanh; McNicholl, Janet M.; Wasinrapee, Punneeporn; McDougal, J. Stephen; Liu, Wei; Chen, Yi; Meng, Donghua; Ngu, Doan; Quyen, Hoang Ngoc; Tho, Nguyen Huu; Tren, Hoang Van (1/1/2012)

    Introduction HIV in Vietnam and Southern China is driven by injection drug use. We have implemented HIV prevention interventions for IDUs since 2002–2003 in Lang Son and Ha Giang Provinces, Vietnam and Ning Ming County (Guangxi), China. Methods Interventions provide peer education and needle/syringe distribution. Evaluation employed serial cross-sectional surveys of IDUs 26 waves from 2002 to 2011, including interviews and HIV testing. Outcomes were HIV risk behaviors, HIV prevalence and incidence. HIV incidence estimation used two methods: 1) among new injectors from prevalence data; and 2) a capture enzyme immunoassay (BED testing) on all HIV+ samples. Results We found significant d...
    • International Students in Their Own Countr y: Motivation of V ietnamese Graduate Students to Attend Vietnamese-German University
    Authors: Y ao, Christina W . (1/10/2015)

    Vietnamese German University (VGU), a new engineering and technology university near Ho Chi Minh City, is a collaborative effort between the German and Vietnamese governments. In this study, I highlight the motivation of Vietnamese graduate students for attending a foreign university, in essence becoming international students in their own country. Findings highlight the intersection between the global, national, and local levels of influence in transnational higher education.
    • Does Exchange Rate Policy Matter for Economic Growth? Vietnam Evidence from a Co-integration Approach
    Authors: Hanh, Pham Thi Hong; Thinh, Nguyen Duc (1/11/2010)

    Both economic growth and exchange rate theories suggest that the exchange rate regime could have consequences for the medium-term growth of a country, directly, through its effects on the adjustment to shocks, and indirectly, through its impact on the important determinants of growth. It is, however, surprising that there was little empirical work investigating the indirect relationship between the exchange rate policy and economics growth in the case of a specific country. In a co-integration framework, our research attempts to fill the gap by econometrically investigating the possible impacts of exchange rate regime on economic growth through two main channels - Foreign direct inves...
    • Stratification and the emergence of the postsecondary private education sector in Vietnam
    Authors: Goyette, Kimberly Ann (1/11/2012)

    Vietnam has a strong public postsecondary education sector that has only recently begun to experience growth in nonpublic institutions. I investigate how the growth of nonpublic institutions may be related to stratification in Vietnam. I find that these institutions are more likely to serve more advantaged students from South Vietnam. Students pay higher costs to attend them; however, they choose more lucrative fields, perhaps as a way to ensure good returns to this investment. This research suggests that as the private sector in Vietnam expands, the influence of family background and region of residence on postsecondary attendance may grow.
    • The Influence of Culture on Agroecosystem Structure: A Comparison of the Spatial Patterns of Homegardens of Different Ethnic Groups in Thailand and Vietnam
    Authors: Timsuksai, Pijika; Rambo, A. Terry (1/11/2016)

    Different ethnic groups have evolved distinctive cultural models which guide their interactions with the environment, including their agroecosystems. Although it is probable that variations in the structures of homegardens among separate ethnic groups reflect differences in the cultural models of the farmers, empirical support for this assumption is limited. In this paper the modal horizontal structural patterns of the homegardens of 8 ethnic groups in Northeast Thailand and Vietnam are described. Six of these groups (5 speaking Tai languages and 1 speaking Vietnamese) live in close proximity to each other in separate villages in Northeast Thailand, and 2 of the groups (one Tai-speaki...
    • Community perceptions of targeted anti-malarial mass drug administrations in two provinces in Vietnam: a quantitative survey.
    Authors: Nhien, Nguyen Thi Thuy; Thu, Pham N. Huong; Hung, Ngo Trong; Hien, Tran Tinh; Hung, Ngo Trong; White, Nicholas J.; Cheah, Phaik Yeong (1/13/2017)

    Background As part of a targeted malaria elimination project, mass drug administrations (MDAs) were conducted in Vietnam. The impact of MDAs on malaria transmission depends largely on the efficacy of the anti-malarial drug regimen, the malaria epidemiology in the site and the population coverage. To explore why some people participate in MDAs and others do not, a quantitative survey of the villagers’ perceptions was undertaken in Vietnam. Methods In 2013/2014 MDAs were conducted in a village in Binh Phuoc province and a village in Ninh Thuan province. Within three months of the drug administration, 59 respondents in a village in Binh Phuoc and 79 respondents in a village in Ninh Thuan...
    • Merging science into community adaptation planning processes: a cross-site comparison of four distinct areas of the lower Mekong basin.
    Authors: Gustafson, Shelley; Chinh, Ngo Cong; Cadena, Angela Joehl; Hartman, Paul; Kawash, Ammar (1/13/2017)

    Climate change is increasingly affecting rural areas worldwide. The Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) is at particular risk due to heat stress, changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent and extreme climatic events. It is imperative that local-level adaptation plans are developed in a manner that builds resilience to these growing threats. Strategies for developing adaptation plans tend to comprise predominantly science-led or predominantly community-led processes. This study examines an approach that balances inputs from both processes in characterizing community vulnerability as a component of the adaptation planning workflow. Evaluation sites are located within four di...
    • Prevalence and factors associated with teen pregnancy in Vietnam: results from two national surveys
    Authors: Huong, Nguyen; Shiu, Cheng Shi; Farber, Naomi (1/15/2016)

    This study asked two broad questions: (1) what is the prevalence of teen pregnancy in contemporary Vietnam; and (2) what selected social, family, and individual factors are associated with teen pregnancy in Vietnam? The study utilized Vietnam Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth surveys conducted in 2003 and 2008 to answer the two research questions within the context of fast political, economic, and social change in Vietnam in the last two decades. Results of this study show that the prevalence of pregnancy among Vietnamese teenagers in the surveys was stable at 4%, or 40 pregnancies per 1000 adolescent girls aged 14 to 19. Age, experience of domestic violence, and early sexual debu...
    • Hygiene and sanitation promotion strategies among ethnic minority communities in Northern Vietnam: a stakeholder analysis
    Authors: Thilde, Rheinländer; Anders, Dalsgaard; Flemming, Konradsen; Xuan, Le Thi Thanh; Hoat, Luu Ngoc (1/17/2012)

    Effective rural hygiene and sanitation promotion (RHSP) is a major challenge for many low-income countries. This paper investigates strategies and stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities in RHSP implementation in a multi-ethnic area of northern Vietnam, in order to identify lessons learned for future RHSP. A stakeholder analysis was performed, based on 49 semi-structured individual interviews and one group interview with stakeholders in RHSP in a northern province of Vietnam. Participants came from three sectors (agriculture, health and education), unions supported by the Vietnamese government and from four administrative levels (village, commune, district and province). The study v...
    • Comparing the Australian national health system with the Vietnamese national health system from the perspective of future challenges.
    Authors: Van, Nguyen (1/17/2017)

    Background: Performance of a health system can be accessed using the primary goals of responsiveness to the expectation of the population, financial contribution fairness and good health. Results depend fundamentally on how well systems carry out four vital functions: financing, resource generation, stewardship, and service provision. Aim: To analyse and compare the Australian national health system with the Vietnamese national health system from the perspective of future challenges such as chronic disease, advancing information technologies and expenditure. To discuss the implications for health policy considering social, environmental and economic factors for each country. M...
    • Addressing problems at small-scale biogas plants: A case study from central Vietnam.
    Authors: Roubík, Hynek; Mazancová, Jana; Banout, Jan; Verner, Vladimír (1/20/2016)

    The anaerobic digestion process is an important technology in improving the environment because it solves organic waste management problems and simultaneously produces both biogas and fertiliser. The use of biogas plants has been spreading in many developing countries, bringing various operational problems with their widening use. This study attempts to identify the problems with this technology at the level of owners of biogas plants (n = 141) and local facilitators (n = 9) in central Vietnam. A survey was conducted from July to September 2012. The methods of data collection included focus group discussions, semi-structured personal interviews and a questionnaire survey. The survey r...
    • Does economic inequality affect the quality of life of older people in rural Vietnam?
    Authors: Tuyet, Tran Quang; Cuong, Nguyen Viet; Huong, Van Vu (1/21/2017)

    By combining data from the 2011 Vietnam National Aging Survey and the 2011 Rural, Agricultural and Fishery Census, this study examined whether expenditure inequality has any effect on the quality of life (life satisfaction or happiness) among the elderly in rural Vietnam. It was confirmed from our regression analysis that individuals who live in the communes with high inequality tend to self-report as being less happy, even after controlling for various individual and household attributes. The findings are robust to the choice of inequality measures and the specification of econometric models. We also find that older rural people who are farmers or poor are more sensitive to inequalit...
    • Impact of Education and Network for Avian InfluenzaH5N1 in Human: Knowledge, Clinical Practice, and Motivation on Medical Providers in Vietnam
    Authors: Toshie, Manabe; Thuy, Pham Thi Phuong; Koichiro, Kudo; Van, Vu Thi Tuong; Jin, Takasaki; Tuan, Nguyen Dang; Co, Dao Xuan; Minh, Dang Hung; Shinyu, Izumi; Binh, Nguyen Gia; Chau, Ngo Quy; Hanh, Tran Thuy (1/23/2012)

    Background Knowledge, clinical practice, and professional motivation of medical providers relating to H5N1 infection have an important influence on care for H5N1 patients who require early diagnosis and early medical intervention. Methods/Principal Findings Novel educational programs including training and workshops for medical providers relating to H5N1 infection in Vietnam were originally created and implemented in 18 provincial hospitals in northern Vietnam between 2008 and 2010. A self-administered, structured questionnaire survey was conducted in 8 provincial hospitals where both educational training and workshops were previously provided. A total of 326 medical providers, includ...
    • Collect more, spend better : public investment in Asian frontier markets.
    Authors: Ghazanchyan, Manuk; Marto, Ricardo; Douglass, Kaitlyn; Jonas, Jiri (1/24/2017)

    We use a dynamic small open economy model to explore the macroeconomic impact of alternative public investment scaling-up scenarios, analyzing how improving the efficiency of capital spending and of tax revenue collection affect growth and debt sustainability for three fast-growing Southeast Asian economies: Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. We show that a gradual public investment profile is more favorable than front-loading capital spending because we assume governments are able to gradually learn how to invest more efficiently, accelerating public capital accumulation and therefore growth. We discuss the pros and cons of alternative financing options and identify the financing mix ...
    • The impact of TPP and RCEP on tea exports from Vietnam: the case of tariff elimination and pesticide policy cooperation.
    Authors: Xiong, Bo (1/24/2017)

    Regional trade agreements are the dominant arrangement for economic integration. What does a dual membership mean for countries participating in multiple regional negotiations? We address the question from the perspective of tea exporters in Vietnam, a member of both the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Focusing on the removal of tariffs and the cooperation on pesticide residue standards, we find that the TPP agreement will raise Vietnam's tea exports by about $4 million a year if TPP endorses Codex standards. However, Vietnamese tea exports will decline if TPP endorses American standards, unless sufficient technical assistanc...