AGU - New research on development issues in Vietnam

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https://ir.vnulib.edu.vn/handle/VNUHCM/18779

Đang hiển thị 1 - 24 của tổng số 3895 kết quả

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2019-nCoV in context: Lessons learned?
(2020) Kock, Richard A.; Karesh, William B.; Francisco Veas; Others
First paragraph: The emergence of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan creates a sense of déjà vu with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic in China in 2003. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses of mammals and birds. These viruses have high mutation and gene recombination rates, making them ideal for pathogen evolution.1 In humans, coronavirus is usually associated with mild disease, the common cold. Previous emerging novel coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which emerged in the Middle East in 2012, were associated with severe and sometimes fatal disease. MERS-CoV was less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, with the most severe infections mainly in individuals with underlying illnesses. Clinically and epidemiologically, the contemporary 2019-nCoV in China seems to resemble SARS-CoV. The genome of 2019-nCoV also appears most closely related to SARS-CoV and related bat coronaviruses.2 The infection has now spread widely, with phylogenetic analysis of the emerging viruses suggesting an initial single-locus zoonotic spillover event in November, 2019,3 and subsequent human-to-human transmission. The SARS epidemic in 2003 was followed soon after by avian influenza H5N1 in 2006, centred on the Asian continent and Middle East. Other surprising viral zoonoses that have caused serious disease include Nipah encephalitic virus in pigs and humans in southeast and south Asia in 1999–2014, and large-scale Ebola virus epidemics in 2014–16 and 2018–19 in west and central Africa. Taken together, these events ring alarm bells about disease emergence in the 21st century, and the importance of human diseases originating from indiscriminate contacts with infected animals.
A Blockchain-Based Framework for Developing Traceability Applications towards Sustainable Agriculture in Vietnam
(10/7/2022) Nguyen Duc, Hiep; Nguyen Huynh, Tuong; Pham Hoang, Anh
Recently, many governments in the world have been focusing on building sustainable agriculture to improve the life quality of farmers and significantly increase their income. In Vietnam, however, and lack capital for scaling or transforming the production model. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon is that the price of agricultural products does not depend on farmers; efforts but is based on the purchase price of the trader or the market price. Besides, the farmers also maintain farming habits based on regional culture or follow trendy and profitable agricultural products. Those production strategies make this type of product oversupplied, leading to a down in price shortly, so the farmers’ income will decrease. The above problems stem from the lack of information and communication tools between actors in the agricultural value chain, especially between cooperatives, farmers, and consumers. This paper presents a Blockchain-based framework for developing a traceability solution as an effective method of communication between actors in the agricultural value chain toward a sustainable agricultural model. The proposed approach helps to fully convey the production and distribution of agricultural products and the ability to verify traceability information, thereby helping to increase prices and protect the brand of agricultural products.
A brief on impacts of Brexit on the world economy and Vietnamese economy
(2016)
The referendum in the UK closed with the winning of the leaving side. The new government of Prime Minister Theresa May also declared that the deadline for Brexit was the end Q1/2017. Such event imposed considerable effects on the UK economy as well as the global economy. For Viet Nam, we believe that Brexit would have inconsiderable impacts in both short term and long term as the economic relationship between Viet Nam and the UK is marginal against the relationship of Viet Nam and other major partners such as the US, China or Japan.
A case study for the emissions reduction for coal power plants in Viet Nam
(2012) Savin, Ven Johnson; Kabunga, Hendri Nachiyunde; Johannes, Breit; Xuan, Li Hui
Energy demand in Vietnam rapidly increased during the last decades (1998-2008), with the industrial sector consuming up to 48 per cent of the total 32.0 Mtoe energy used. To enlarge the energy generation, VietNam government plans to install additional coal poweredplants, effectively contributing further to greenhouse gas emissions. Clean Coal Technology (CCT) could be onesolution to minimize these emissions. However, several barriers for the implementation of this technology exist. The analysis of CCT and the identification of barriers hindering the implementation in Viet Nam are an important initial step towards the diffusion of CCT. To enhance CCT adoption in Vietnam, five recommendations are proposed in this study including a supporting framework of regional and international partnerships.
A case-control study of agricultural and behavioral factors associated with leptospirosis in Vietnam
(2022) Hai, Hoang; Ngoc, Do Bich; Others
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Until now, there has been limited knowledge about risk factors of this disease in Vietnam. The study was carried out to identify agricultural and behavioral factors associated with the transmission of leptospirosis in Vietnam. Methods: This matched retrospective hospital-community-based case–control study was conducted from 1 October 2018 to 31 October 2019. We recruited cases from 11 selected government hospitals in three provinces of Vietnam, while controls were selected from the same communes of cases and matched by age (± 2 years) and sex. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to determine confrmed cases, while only MAT was used to identify controls with a single high MAT titer < 1:100. Results: 504 participants (252 cases and 252 controls) were identifed. Cultivating (OR 2.83, CI 1.38–5.79), animal farming (OR 8.26, CI 2.24–30.52), pig owners (OR 10.48, CI 5.05–21.73), cat owners (OR 2.62, CI 1.49–4.61) and drinking unboiled water (OR 1.72, CI 1.14 –2.59, p= 0.010) were signifcantly associated with human leptospirosis in Vietnam. Hand washing after farming/ gardening (OR 0.57, CI 0.38–0.86, p= 0.007) and bathing after farming, gardening, contact with cattle and poultry (OR 0.33, CI 0.19–0.58, p= 0.000) were determined as protective factors for this disease. Conclusions: In short, the case–control study has revealed the risks in agricultural and animal practices and protective behavioral factors related to human leptospirosis in Vietnam. The fndings suggested promotion of communication and health education programs targeting health behaviors in daily life and agricultural practices. Using personal protective equipment such as gowns, gloves, and boots during agricultural practices, especially cultivating and animal farming, is most recommended.
A Categorical Data Analysis on Financial Failures in Vietnam, 2007-2013.
Quan, Hoang Vuong; Napier, Nancy K.; Tri, Tran Dung; Kong, Nguyen Thi Hong
In this paper, we examined 256 cases of financial failure and fraud occuring during the recent Vietnam’s chaotic years from 2007 to 2013, employing methods of categorical data analysis. Reported results suggest that the rent-seeking approach, or resource-based orientation, alone does not help explain theoutcome of a business intention while the association between Orientation and Approach is the best-fit predictor.Rampant financial collapse not only increases the cost of funds but also erodes trust in the economy. Entrepreneurship development and creativity capacity building are necessary to improve socio-economic conditions and the environment. This work also introduces intuitive and cognitive factors to predict ex-ante outcome of afinancing scheme.
A Climatological Study of Tropical Cyclone Rainfallin Vietnam
Anh, Nguyen Thi Hoang; Matsumoto, Jun; Thanh, Ngo Duc; Endo, Nobuhiko
This study investigated the characteristics of the rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs), using the TC best-track data and daily rainfall data from15 meteorological stations for the period 1961-2008 for the coastal region of Vietnam. In addition to investigating the TC rainfall amount, we estimated the TC rain ratio and the ratio of TC heavy rainfall days (TC_R50) and interpreted these parameters for El Niño and La Niña years. Our results show that the maximum TC rainfall occurs from July to September in the northern region, whereas the total rainfall at southern stations is mainly composed of non-TC rainfall. The TC rainfall amount is concentrated in the central region, with a peak in October-November. The TC rain ratio varies from 0 to ∼25%, showing a maximum value in the region of 16°N-18°N in September. The mid-central region of Vietnam has maximum TC_R50 ratio in September-October corresponding to its highest TC frequency in the same period. DuringEl Niño (La Niña) years, the TC rain ratio and TC_R50 ratio in the central region show a significant decrease (increase) in October-November. The La Niña phases more strongly affect TC rainfall than the El Niño phases, particularly in central Vietnam.
A community participatory intervention model to reduce the health risks from biogas wastewater in Hanam Province, Vietnam.
(2016-12) Toan, Luu Quoc; Huong, Nguyen Mai; Thanh, Nguyen Tien; Giang, Pham Thi Huong; Others
In Vietnam, using biogas to treat livestock waste is common, in particular on small holder farms. However, most small holder farms do not know how to use biogas correctly and wastewater can affect health and the environment. Using a participatory approach with farmers and other stakeholders we developed and implemented a set of interventions in Hanam province to reduce health risks from biogas wastewater. Twenty-four pig farmers were selected as a "core group" to be instrumental in developing the interventions and training other farmers to correctly use biogas. The intervention model was piloted for 6 months. Several outputs were obtained including i) approval and enforcement of a "huong uoc - village law" on environmental protection; ii) training of 24 farmers from the core group in communication skills to share information on using biogas; iii) development of a 6-step program of pig cage cleaning to limit waste loaded to biogas to improve the efficiency of biogas production; iv) a health monitoring books for humans and animals for use by families in the community. The results provided evidence that applying the participatory approach can lead to improved knowledge and practices of farmer using biogas and can reduce the health risks from biogas wastewater.
A community-based intervention to decrease the prevalence of HIV viremia among people who inject drugs in Vietnam
(2022) Huong, Duong Thi; Vallo, Roselyne; Others
Background In most low-to-middle-income countries, HIV control at the population level among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains a major challenge. We aimed to demonstrate that an innovative intervention can identify HIV-positive PWID in the community who are not treated efficiently, and get them treated efficiently. Methods Between 2016 and 2020, we implemented an intervention consisting of mass HIV screening of PWID using three annual respondent-driven sampling surveys (RDSS) and a post-intervention evaluation RDSS in community-based organisation (CBO) sites, coupled with peer support to facilitate/improve access to antiretroviral and methadone therapy in Haiphong, Vietnam. The primary outcome was the proportion of identified uncontrolled HIV-positive PWID who achieved viral control. We also estimated the potential effect of the intervention on the proportion of PWID with HIV RNA >1000 copies/mL among all PWID during the study period. Findings Over the three RDSS, 3150 different PWID were screened, i.e. two-thirds of the estimated population size. They all injected heroin, their median age was of 39 years, 95% were male, 26.5% were HIV-infected, and 78.6% of the latter had HIV RNA ≤1000 copies/mL. Among the 177 PWID identified with an unsuppressed viral load, 73 (41.2%) achieved viral suppression at the final visit. HIV viremia decreased from 7.2% at baseline to 2.9% at the final RDSS (p<0.001). Up to 42% of this observed reduction may be explained by the intervention, in the absence of any external intervention targeting PWID during the study period. Interpretation Mass community-based screening using RDSS coupled with CBO support is a powerful tool to rapidly identify untreated HIV-positive PWID and (re)link them to care. Funding NIDA (USA) and ANRS (France).
A comparative study of trade relations and the spatial-temporal evolution of geo-economy between China and Vietnam
(6/3/2017) Ma, Teng; Liu, Yuli; Ge, Yuejing
With the increasing economic importance of the Asia-Pacific Region, the economic interdependence among countries in the region has gradually enhanced. With the continuous opening up of the two countries, Sino-Vietnamese economic relations have also been deepened. However, the export trade between Vietnam and China has been competitive. China and Vietnam seek to dominate or join an agreement that is conducive to their own trade, which also exacerbates the trade competition between the two countries. This paper compares China and Vietnam and analyzes their foreign trade data from 2005 to 2014. By analyzing the competitiveness of export commodities, the trade division effect and spatio-temporal changes of the geo-economic relationship in the Asia-Pacific Region, this study explores Sino-Vietnamese trade relations and compares the pattern of geo-economic evolution between the two countries. The findings show that China and Vietnam have similarities and substitutability in textiles, apparel and footwear in terms of commodity structure. There is already a trade diversion effect between Vietnam and China on these commodities, but it is not substantial. From a geographic perspective, China’s geo-economic relations in the Pacific Rim present an increasingly dispersed trend. However, the spatial pattern of Vietnam’s geo-economy has maintained a low-level and stable spatial agglomeration over the last decade.
A comparative study on fisheries policy issues and and rice-shrimp farming system between Bangladesh and Vietnam.
(2015) Tasnoova, Shuraya; Tomoyuk, Yutaka; Iwamoto, Izumi
Fisheries policy is new idea if it compares with agricultural policy in developing world. Bangladesh and Vietnam are developing countries. The export oriented production of frozen seafood fisheries sector plays a significant role in the national economy of Bangladesh and Vietnam. Both countries fisheries sector are concentrated on coastal belt and emphasized on shrimp farming. This paper was reviewed and analyzed changes in policy towards Bangladesh and Vietnam and then tried to make a comparison between two countries fisheries policy and rice-shrimp farming system. For this study, data and information were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A total of 170 primary data were collected for rice shrimp farming farmers during July 2010 from Bangladesh (169) and December 2010 from Vietnam (1) and data were analyzed by Microsoft excel for comparison of rice shrimp farming in Bangladesh and Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted for policy issues, with personal of other stakeholder organizations for information on policy issues. Both countries have problem in fisheries sector and this sector is one of the main sources for foreign currency
A comparison and analysis of Japanese official development assistance to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam, 2000 ― 2019
(2021) Potter, David M.; Seminar, POTTER
Since 2000 the Mekong region of mainland Southeast Asia has been the focus of ASEAN attempts to promote “connectivity” among the economies and societies of the subregion and the broader region. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam, less developed economically than neighboring Thailand, have been lumped together under the rubric of the CLMV and are seen as a nascent common group of developing countries. Connectivity in the Mekong region has been supported not only by ASEAN but by international actors, notably the Asian Development Bank and Japan. Aid from the latter is understood to foster not only subregional economic and social connectivity but also broader connectivity in the emerging Indo-Pacific ［Potter 2020］. A number of studies by practitioners have examined the possibilities and problems of development and Japanese ODA among these four as a group (see below) but fine-grained analysis of the aid provided has not been carried out previously. This article helps to close that gap in the research by providing an overview of sectoral and geographic distributions of Japanese ODA in each of the four countries from 2000 to 2019. Section 2 surveys the current state of research on Japan’s ODA to the Mekong countries. Section 3 presents the research methodology. Section 4 tracks changes in allocations by aid modality over the period, examines sectoral distributions of aid by modality in each country, and then does the same for geographic distribution of aid projects in each country. Section 5 provides a discussion of the correlation between these distributions and possible economic, political, and demographic variables.
A comparison of solid waste generation rate between types of hotel in Hoian ancient city, Vietnam
(2017) Toan, Pham Phu Song; Giang, Hoang Minh; FUJIWARA, Takeshi
Recently, tourism has rapidly grown and become a major industry in the world. Hoi An City (HAC), which is a small ancient town in the center of Vietnam welcomes an average of 2,500,000 arrivals per year. Responding to the increase in visitors with the rise of the hotel industry, HAC reached 446 accommodations with 7,795 rooms in 2016. Tourism brings and sustains many positive benefits on employment and economic value to society. However, tourism activities also have negative influences on the environment in which solid waste generation (SWG) from hospitality sectors is one of the most severe impacts. Many previous studies mentioned about SWG from hotels with partial views. Chan and Lam (2001) measured the waste generation from mid-size hotels in Hong Kong and showed that the mid-scale hotels should apply green accounting in the long run to reduce SWG and environmental cost. Another study conducted a survey of 50 hotels in Vietnam by questionnaire to estimate the audits of SWG from 4 scales of hotels [2]. In this work, 24 five-star hotels in Cairo, Egypt have investigated the weight of solid waste by questionnaire survey to identified whether the SWG from these hotels complies with international standard benchmarks. No studies about SWG in small hotels, villas or homestays have been found. In brief, SWG from hotel activities has been reviewed with different partitions. In this study, solid waste generated from all types of hotels in the hospitality industry in HAC is identified, analyzed and compared.
A comprehensive assessment of universal health coverage in 111 countries: a retrospective observational study
(2019) Wagstaff, Adam; Neelsen, Sven
Background The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) requires that everyone receive needed health services, and that families who get needed services do not suffer undue financial hardship. Tracking progress towards UHC requires measurement of both these dimensions, and a way of trading them off against one another. Methods We measured service coverage by a weighted geometric average of four prevention indicators (antenatal care, full immunisation, and screening for breast and cervical cancers) and four treatment indicators (skilled birth attendance, inpatient admission, and treatment for acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea), financial protection by the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (those exceeding 10% of household consumption or income), and a country’s UHC performance as a geometric average of the service coverage index and the complement of the incidence of catastrophic expenditures. Where possible, we adjusted service coverage for inequality, penalising countries with a high level of inequality. The bulk of data used in this study were from the World Bank’s Health Equity and Financial Protection Indicators database (2019 version), comprising data from household surveys. Gaps in the data were supplemented with other survey data and (where necessary) non-survey data from other sources (administrative, modelled, and imputed data). Findings A low incidence of catastrophic expenses sometimes reflects low service coverage (often in low-income countries) but sometimes occurs despite high service coverage (often in high-income countries). At a given level of service coverage, financial protection also varies. UHC index scores are generally higher in higher-income countries, but there are variations within income groups. Adjusting the UHC index for inequality in service coverage makes little difference in some countries, but reduces it by more than 10% in others. Seven of the 12 countries for which we were able to produce trend data have increased their UHC index over time (with the greatest average yearly increases seen in Ghana [1·43%], Indonesia [1·85%], and Vietnam [2·26%]), mostly by improving both financial protection and service coverage. Some increased their UHC index, despite reductions in financial protection, by substantially increasing their service coverage. The UHC index decreased in five of 12 countries with trend data, mostly because financial protection worsened with stagnant or declining service coverage. Our UHC indicators (except inpatient admissions) are significantly and positively associated with GDP per capita, and most are correlated with the share of health spending channelled through social health insurance and government schemes. However, associations of our UHC indicators with the share of GDP spent on health and the shares of health spending channelled through non-profit and private insurance are ambiguous. Interpretation Progress towards UHC can be tracked using an index that captures both service coverage and financial protection. Although per-capita income is a good predictor of a country’s UHC index score, some countries perform better than others in the same income group or even in the income group above their own. Strong UHC performance is correlated with the share of a country’s health budget that is channelled through government and social health insurance schemes.
A cost-benefit analysis of dike heightening in the Mekong Delta
(2015-05) Dan, Tong Yen
Investing in dike heightening in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has remained a contentious issue among policy and decision makers in Vietnam. Aside from the changes in the connectivity of the floodplain brought by dike heightening, the increase in rice cropping intensity enabled by the high dikes has broader adverse environmental consequences. Accordingly, this study conducted a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of dike heightening in VMD. The research team conducted surveys in Vinh Phu and Vinh Binh communes in An Giang province, Vietnam. The former followed the three-rice-cropping system in the high dikes; the latter, the two-rice-cropping system in the low dikes. Results showed that the decrease in the three-crop farmers’ profit from the first and second crops was the main cost of dike heightening (54.5% of total cost of dike heightening), followed by infrastructure costs (28.3%), the value of foregone revenues from floodplain fishery (16%), and the increase in pesticide-use external costs (1.2%). Based on net present values, dike heightening is not a viable option for VMD from both the public and private perspectives. This conclusion was robust to alternative choice of discount rates and alternative assumptions regarding the decrease in rice profits of those following the use of high dikes.
A cost-benefit analysis of Vietnam's 2006-2010 foot-and-mouth disease control program
(10/20/2022) Huong, Do; Nguyen Minh Hoa, Thi; Pham Van, Ha; Dang Van, Ky
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is arguably the most damaging animal disease, affecting three-quarters of the global livestock population. This paper provides a cost-benefit analysis of the first five-year program that used vaccination to contain and control FMD in an endemic country, Vietnam. Our spatial and dynamic model to simulate FMD outbreaks fully considered the distance among livestock premises, their herd sizes, and composition, all of which significantly affect FMD transmission. Our program benefit was consistently estimated due to the Law of Large Number and the design of pairing the control and treatment scenarios which allowed capturing the true benefit of each outbreak realization. The data used to monetize the program benefit were largely drawn from Vietnam's context and statistics, thus obviating the need to make many potentially undue assumptions. Meanwhile, the program costs were actual spending and allocated budget. We found that the vaccination program is highly cost-effective for Vietnam, yielding a net present value of US$136 million (in 2006 prices) over five years and a benefit-cost ratio of 5.7. Our results were robust to different assumptions about the vaccine effectiveness of the livestock unit.
A critical analysis of the value chain in the rice industry and its effects on the export rice industry in Kien Giang Province, Vietnam.
(2016) Van, Bach Ngoc; Cuong, Pham Hung; Nhan, Vo Hoang
The study of a critical analysis of the value chain in the rice industry and its effects on the export rice industry in Kien Giang province, Vietnam conducted during the period from December 2012 to November2015. The research result showed that there were 450 persons who are rice exporters and farmers (412 processed and 48 missed) who to be interviewed and answered nearly 27 questions. The researcher had analyzed KMO test, the result of KMO analysis used for multiple regression analysis. The person responses measured through an adapted questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. Hard copy and interviewrice exporters and farmersby questionnaire distributed among rice exporters and farmers in KienGiang province. The regression analysis results showed that there were seven factors, which included of factors following: Development strategy; Control policy; Planning; Support policy; Rice seeds;Cultivation techniques andPost-harvest processingactually affected the export rice industry with 5 % significance level. The main objectives of this study were to to conduct a survey to find value chain that affecting the export rice industry in KienGiang province, to identify value chain that affected on the export rice industry in KienGiang province and to analyze and to test value chain that affected the export rice industry in KienGiang province.
A cross-disciplinary mixed-method approach to understand how food retail environment transformations influence food choice and intake among the urban poor: Experiences from Vietnam.
(2019) Heck, Sigrid C. O. Wertheim; Raneri, Jessica E.
NutritioninsecurityamongurbanpoorinmodernizingAsianmetropolisesisacriticalissue.ItiswellrecognizedthatinurbanAsiathepoorarefoodinsecure.AcrossAsiathefoodretailenvironmentistransformingrapidly,inwhichsupermarketsincreasinglyreplacetraditionalfoodvending,likemarketsandstreetvendorsthattheurbanpoordependupon.Thequestionis,howthesetransformationsimpactthedietsoftheurbanpoor?Whatdrivestheirfoodchoice?Whataretheirdailyshoppingpracticesandhowdoesthataffecttheirdietaryintake?Toinvestigatethis,wedevelopedacross-disciplinarynutritionandsocialpracticesstudywithasequentialquan-titative-qualitativemixed-methoddesign.BuildingonempiricalevidencefromHanoi,Vietnam,thestudylinks(i) food choice and measured dietary intake, with (ii) food retail environment, through (iii) food shoppingpracticesandpreferencesof400womenofreproductiveagewithinthecontextof(iv)theirtransformativeurbanlifestyles. Methods included are a retail census with GPS coordinates to map the food retail environment, ahouseholdsurvey,a24-hdietrecall,multi-generationhouseholdinterviewsandshoppingtrips.Wedemonstratethat integrated sociological and nutritional perspectives are productive in rapidly generating evidence tocomprehendthecomplextrade-offsbetweenfoodsafetyandnutritionineverydayfoodconsumptionpractices.Wedescribeandreflectonourtheoreticalmixofdietaryintakeandsocialpracticesresearch,andourholisticmixedmethodapproachwhichbesidescombiningquantitativeandqualitativemethods,alsovoicestheurbanpoorfirsthand
A current perspective on antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia
(8/7/2017) Zellweger, Raphael M.; Mas, Juan Carrique; Limmathurotsakul, Direk; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Thwaites, Guy E.; Baker, Stephen
Southeast Asia, a vibrant region that has recently undergone unprecedented economic development, is regarded as a global hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Understanding AMR in Southeast Asia is crucial for assessing how to control AMR on an international scale. Here we (i) describe the current AMR situation in Southeast Asia, (ii) explore the mechanisms that make Southeast Asia a focal region for the emergence of AMR, and (iii) propose ways in which Southeast Asia could contribute to a global solution.
A dataset of Vietnamese junior high school students’ reading preferences and habits.
(2019) Quan, Hoang Vuong; Anh, Le Vinh; Viet, La Phuong; Others
Books are the invaluable, colossal storage of mankind’s immense scholarship and are still commonly perceived as a more reliable source of knowledge even in this age of digitized information. Extensive reading is often promoted as being vital to cognitive development, especially for students in primary and secondary education. While it could now be considered common knowledge that reading is highly beneficial, reading habits vary among individuals in the same culture and receiving the same public education. This could be due to demographic variations and differences in socioeconomic status, or other factors such as family background and education. Despite the ample literature on reading habits, there still exists a lack of holistic approach with empirical results concerning the reciprocal interactions of reading and its relevant affecting factors. This data article presents a dataset of 1676 responses to the survey “Studying reading habits and preferences” of junior high school students in Vietnam. Result analysis facilitates evaluation of reading habits and their affecting factors, thus holding implications on education measures and policy. The dataset is available with the paper.
A Decision Tree Analysis to Support Potential Climate Change Adaptations of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage) Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
(2016) A., Nguyen L.; Verreth, J. A. J.; Leemans, H. B. J.; Others
This study uses the decision tree framework to analyse possible climate change impact adaptation options for pangasius (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus Sauvage) farming in the Mekong Delta. Here we present the risks for impacts and the farmers' autonomous and planned public adaptation by using primary and secondary data. The latter studies showed that a proportion of the pangasius farms located in the coastal provinces will be affected by salinity intrusion in the dry season. Options to adapt to this are: modify pangasius farming practice, stock other species or stock saline-tolerant pangasius. With research and extension support, farmers can further improve their already adapted practice to deal with salinity or use water recirculation systems for prolonged nursery rearing. A breeding program for saline tolerant striped catfish requires a medium-to long term investment (0.4 % of the production cost) from government and/ or private company. Pangasius farms in up- and mid-stream regions and in coastal areas, which are not located within upgraded government dyke-protected areas, will be affected by flooding at the end of each rainy season. This implies an increased cost for dykes to about 0.34% and 0.25% of the total variable costs for one harvest per ha in the up- and mid-stream regions, and in the downstream region, respectively.
A Delivery Model for Home Fortification of Complementary Foods with Micronutrient Powders: Innovation in the Context of Vietnamese Health System Strengthening
(2016) Marie, Nguyen; Poonawala, Alia; Leyvraz, Magali; Berger, Jacques; Others
Adding micronutrient powders (MNP) to complementary foods at the point of preparation (home fortification) can improve micronutrient status of young children. Ensuring sustained access to MNPs at scale, however, remains challenging in many countries. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) partnered with the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in Vietnam to pioneer the distribution of a locally-produced MNP, provided for sale through the public health system with counseling on optimal infant and young child feeding practices by trained health workers. Different packaging options were available to adapt to caregivers’ disposable income. During the six-month pilot, 1.5 million sachets were sold through 337 health centers across four provinces, targeting children 6–59 months of age. Sales were routinely monitored, and a cross-sectional survey in 32 communes for caregivers (n = 962) and health staff (n = 120) assessed MNP coverage and compliance, five months after the start of distribution. A total of 404 caregivers among the 962 caregivers surveyed (i.e., 42%) had visited the health center in the past year. Among them, 290 caregivers had heard about the product and a total of 217caregivers had given the MNP to their child at least once, representing a conversion rate from product awareness to product trial of 74.8%. The effective coverage (i.e., consumption of ≥3 sachets/child/week) was 11.5% among the total surveyed caregivers and reached 27.3% amongst caregivers who visited health centers in the previous month. The MNP purchase trends showed that the number of sachets bought by caregivers was positively correlated with the wealth index. The pilot showed that providing MNPs for sale in packs of various quantities, combined with infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling at the health center, is effective for groups accessing the health system.
A delivery model for home ortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders: innovation in the context of vietnamese health system strengthening.
(2016) Marie, Nguyen; Hoa, Do Thi Bao; Nga, Tran Thuy; Wieringa, Frank Tammo; Poonawala, Alia; Berger, Jacques; Van, Tran Khan; Leyvraz, Magali; Schofield, Dominic
Adding micronutrient powders (MNP) to complementary foods at the point of preparation (home fortification) can improve micronutrient status of young children. Ensuring sustained access to MNPs at scale, however, remains challenging in many countries. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) partnered with the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) in Vietnam to pioneer the distribution of a locally-produced MNP, provided for sale through the public health system with counseling on optimal infant and young child feeding practices by trained health workers. Different packaging options were available to adapt to caregivers’ disposable income. During the six-month pilot, 1.5 million sachets were sold through 337 health centers across four provinces, targeting children 6–59 months of age. Sales were routinely monitored, and a cross-sectional survey in 32 communes for caregivers (n = 962) and health staff (n = 120) assessed MNP coverage and compliance, five months after the start of distribution. A total of 404 caregivers among the 962 caregivers surveyed (i.e., 42%) had visited the health center in the past year. Among them, 290 caregivers had heard about the product and a total of 217caregivers had given the MNP to their child at least once, representing a conversion rate from product awareness to product trial of 74.8%. The effective coverage (i.e., consumption of ≥3 sachets/child/week) was 11.5% among the total surveyed caregivers and reached 27.3% amongst caregivers who visited health centers in the previous month. The MNP purchase trends showed that the number of sachets bought by caregivers was positively correlated with the wealth index. The pilot showed that providing MNPs for sale in packs of various quantities, combined with infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling at the health center, is effective for groups accessing the health system.
A dengue outbreak on a floating village at Cat Ba Island in Vietnam
(2015) Thanh, Le Viet; Choisy, Marc; Bryant, Juliet E.; Duoc, Vu Trong; Thai, Pham Quang; Others
Background:A dengue outbreak in an ecotourism destination spot in Vietnam, from September to November 2013, impacted a floating village of fishermen on the coastal island of Cat Ba. The outbreak raises questions about how tourism may impact disease spread in rural areas. Methods:Epidemiological data were obtained from the Hai Phong Preventive Medical Center (PMC), including case histories and residential location from all notified dengue cases from this outbreak. All household addresses were geo-located. Knox test, a spatio-temporal analysis that enables inference dengue clustering constrained by space and time, was performed on the geocoded locations. From the plasma available from two patients, positive for Dengue serotype 3 virus (DENV3), the Envelope (E) gene was sequenced, and their genetic relationships compared to other E sequences in the region. Results:Of 192 dengue cases, the odds ratio of contracting dengue infections for people living in the floating villages compared to those living on the island was 4.9 (95 % CI: 3.6-6.7). The space-time analyses on 111 geocoded dengue residences found the risk of dengue infection to be the highest within 4 days and a radius of 20 m of a given case. Of the total of ten detected clusters with an excess risk greater than 2, the cluster with the highest number of cases was in the floating village area (24 patients for a total duration of 31 days). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high homology of the two DENV3 strains (genotype III) from Cat Ba with DENV3 viruses circulating in Hanoi in the same year (99.1 %). Conclusions:Our study showed that dengue transmission is unlikely to be sustained on Cat Ba Island and that the 2013 epidemic likely originated through introduction of viruses from the mainland, potentially Hanoi. These findings suggest that prevention efforts should be focused on mainland rather than on the island.

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AGU - New research on development issues in Vietnam

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Duyệt AGU - New research on development issues in Vietnam theo Nhan đề

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