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  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    A transit-oriented development approach using the New South Wales places and movements framework for sustainable transport planning in Vietnam: A case study of an intersection in Ho Chi Minh City
    (ELSEVIER B.V, 2025) Tran, Thi Truc Lieu; [et al.]
    The rapid urbanization of cities with high population density has led to an increase in traffic demand in urban areas. Integrating land use planning with traffic planning can help limit congestion and avoid negative effects on urban development. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a planning strategy that combines land use and transportation planning to promote economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This approach is applicable in Ho Chi Minh City. Australia has successfully implemented a TOD approach based on the New South Wales Movement & Places Framework, which creates and maintains a safe and accessible environment for traffic vehicles, including pedestrians and cyclists. To evaluate the applicability of this approach to the Vietnamese situation, this study will clarify differences in road function classification between the Vietnam Standard (TCVNs) and the standard of New South Wales (AUsroads). The study will also explore the new points in the New South Wales standard on designing pedestrian and bicycle lanes compared to Vietnam’s standard. Finally, the New South Wales Movement and Places Framework will be applied to an intersection area in Ho Chi Minh City to create a safe and convenient environment for traffic vehicles, including pedestrians and cyclists.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Adoption of conservation agriculture practices and its impacts on yields and incomes: Evidence from smallholder maize farmers in the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam
    (2025) Mai, Tien Huy; [et al.]
    Farmers’ livelihoods and environmental sustainability are critical concerns in Vietnamese agriculture, where conventional practices such as intensive tillage and excessive use of chemical inputs have led to soil degradation. Conservation agriculture practices (CAPs) have been promoted as a sustainable solution to improve soil health, enhance productivity, and increase farm income. However, research on the adoption and impacts of CAPs in Vietnam remains limited. This study aims to identify the determinants of CAPs adoption and assess its impacts on maize yields and net income in the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam. The analysis is based on survey data from 400 maize-farming households. A multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) framework is employed to address selection bias. The findings indicate that the joint adoption of CAPs is facilitated by education of the household heads, total farmland area, farmers’ access to credit, interactions with extension agents, training on CAPs, proximity to cooperatives, participation in farmers’ groups, and plot-specific characteristics. The impact analysis reveals that adopting CAPs—either individually or in combination—significantly improves maize yields and net income. The benefits are most pronounced when multiple practices are implemented simultaneously, underscoring the synergistic effects of CAPs. These results suggest that promoting the combined adoption of CAPs should be prioritized in the region. Policymakers and development practitioners are advised to focus on improving access to credit, strengthening extension services, expanding targeted training programs, fostering the formation of farmer groups, and raising farmers’ awareness of their farmland characteristics and the benefits of CAPs.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    An African swine fever vaccinelike variant with multiple gene deletions caused reproductive failure in a Vietnamese breeding herd
    (2025) Nguyen, Thanh Che; [et al.]
    African swine fever (ASF), an economically damaging disease in domestic pigs, has emerged in Vietnam since 2019. Vietnam is the only country granted licenses for developing and commercializing modified live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) against the highly pathogenic ASF virus (ASFV). The nationwide implementation of LAVs in Vietnam for prophylaxis has likely influenced the viral genetic pool among the swine population. This study highlighted the incursion of a novel ASF vaccine-like variant into a non-vaccinated breeding herd. Retrospective epidemiology suggested a high replacement rate and improper biosecurity measures might introduce the disease into the herd. Affected gilts displayed non-to-mild symptoms, whereas gestational sows experienced reproductive disorders. Remarkably, severe ulcerative dermatitis in udders was observed in lactating sows 1–2 weeks postpartum. The ASF outbreak was significantly associated with reduced reproductive performance compared to the pre-outbreak period (P<0.001). Genetic analysis revealed several virulence-associated gene deletions and a marker gene presence in the left variable region, consistent with the ASFV-G-∆MGF vaccine strain. Molecular detection and immunohistochemistry indicated viral antigens distributed in macrophage-like cells of the reproductive organs and affected udders. Microscopic findings implied massive necrotizing vasculitis with fibrinoid degeneration compatible with immune complex-induced lesions. In conclusion, naïve sows are highly susceptible to the novel ASF vaccine-like variant than gilts, underscoring improved biosecurity requirements when introducing replacement gilts and monitoring ASF vaccine-like variants.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Antibiotic resistance of helicobacter pylori in children with gastritis and peptic ulcers in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
    (2022) Le, Thi Thuy Loan; [et al.]
    Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication efficacy is low worldwide, and antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of therapy failure; therefore, this study was performed to determine the characteristics of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in children with gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 pediatric patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcer at two hospitals in Vietnam from March 2019 to April 2022. Pediatric patients with positive H. pylori tests continued to do E-tests to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic so that we could prescribe effective antibiotics based on the sensitivity. Results: In 237 pediatric patients (51.1% males) with a median age of 10.3 years (range 5–16 years), endoscopic images showed that inflammatory lesions and peptic ulcers accounted for 69.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Resistance rates of H. pylori were 80.6% to clarithromycin (CLR), 71.7% to amoxicillin (AMX), 49.4% to metronidazole (MTZ), 45.1% to levofloxacin (LEV), and 11.4% to tetracycline (TET); dual resistance to AMX + CLR was 64.2%, AMX + LEV 35%, AMX + MTZ 33.3%, CLR + MTZ 32.5%, and TET + MTZ 7.2%. The frequency of clarithromycin resistance was significantly increased, particularly in pediatric patients who had received prior H. pylori treatment. The percentage of amoxicillin resistance increased with age; amoxicillin resistance of H. pylori was more prevalent among pediatric patients with peptic ulcers than those with gastroduodenal inflammation and higher in males than females. Conclusions: The proportions of resistance to CLR, AMX, MTZ, and LEV were extremely high, in contrast to TET, which was lower in pediatric patients. Our study suggests that the standard triple therapy with CLR should be limited as the empiric therapy for pediatric patients, and we should consider using eradication regimens with TET for children over 8 years of age if the medical facility is not qualified to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests of H. pylori in the Mekong Delta.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Assessing spatial trends and land use impacts on surface water quality: A case study of the Saigon and Vam Co Rivers in southern Vietnam
    (2025) Le, Thi Minh Tam; [et al.]
    This study evaluates the spatial distribution of heavy metals, water quality parameters, and ecological risks in the Saigon and Vam Co Rivers, two hydrologically connected systems in southern Vietnam. Using a multi-index assessment approach, incorporating the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Water Pollution Index (WPI), and Risk Quotient (RQ), we identify pollution hotspots, dominant contamination sources, and ecological threats associated with urban-industrial discharges and agricultural runoff. Due to the release of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater effluents, the Saigon River exhibits localized pollution peaks in its densely populated urban section, where Cd, Zn, and Ni concentrations exceed WHO and Vietnamese water quality standards. In contrast, the Vam Co River demonstrates a gradual downstream increase in contamination, driven by diffuse agricultural inputs and aquaculture discharges, with elevated Zn, Cu, and Cd levels presenting significant ecological risks (RQ > 1). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that natural vegetation is important in improving water quality by pollutant buffering, while agriculture and urbanization tend to increase contamination loads. These findings emphasize the necessity for integrated management strategies, including improved wastewater treatment, sustainable agricultural practices, and forest conservation to maintain river water quality. Future research should incorporate seasonal variability to refine long-term water quality assessments and develop adaptive mitigation strategies for urban-industrial and agricultural watersheds in tropical regions.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Assessing the impacts of climate change on drainage works design for roads in the Vietnam Northern mountains
    (ELSEVIER B.V, 2025) Mai, Quang Huy; [et al.]
    The Vietnam Northern mountainous area has seen a series of severe weather events in recent years, including increased rainfall intensity and extended rain duration, which are attributed to the impacts of climate change. These occurrences have resulted in detrimental consequences such as floods, causing damage to infrastructure systems and posing risks to human life. Assessing climate change impacts on the stormwater drainage system design of roadways is of utmost significance to maintain optimal functionality during severe weather conditions. This article outlines the methodology used in evaluating the impacts of climate change on the determination of design hydrological parameters of drainage systems, specifically in the Vietnam Northern mountains.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Assessing the sensitivity of physiographical parameters in modeling hydrological ecosystem services that support food security: The case of Vietnamese Mekong Delta
    (2025) Banerjee, Sreejita; [et al.]
    Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) experiences high soil loss and nutrient export, which in turn impacts food security and livelihood. These parameters play an important role in hydrological ecosystem services. Using the InVEST modeling software, we quantify and map sediment and nutrient regulation, as well as seasonal water yield, across the VMD. We propose an innovative approach for model validation, tailored to regions with limited data availability, that utilizes observed data to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the model. The results of this study indicate that approximately 65% of the total watershed is prone to high nutrient export, and 33% of the area is prone to soil erosion. Sensitivity analysis for the model parameters reveals that variations in k (nutrient delivery ratio, sediment delivery ratio) and β (seasonal water yield) have the most signifcant efects on sediment export and basefow, respectively. This study focuses on regulating ecosystem services in agricultural regions that contribute to Vietnam’s food production. This study presents a series of implications and fndings that contribute to the overall understanding of how hydrological ecosystem services can support food security in data-scarce regions, as well as ofer recommendations to policymakers on the application of nature-based solutions and the sustainable management of water resources.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Assessing water governance trends and challenges at a local level—An application of the OECD water governance framework in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam
    (2025) Ha, Tan Linh; [et al.]
    Water crises are prevalent globally, but effective water governance can help mitigate these issues. This study, conducted in Soc Trang, a coastal province of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, assessed water governance trends and identified local challenges using the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) water governance framework, which comprises 12 principles. Data were gathered through 15 questionnaires and two focus group discussions with the Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The findings indicate that all 12 principles have improved over the past decade, particularly in areas such as data management, the clarity of roles, appropriate basin scales, and innovative governance approaches. However, challenges remain, including external risks, limited human resources, ineffective coordination, and insufficient funding and facilities. While the OECD framework offers a comprehensive guide for water governance, it is crucial to provide clear explanations to local stakeholders during implementation. This ensures a shared understanding throughout the assessment process. A key aspect of this is translating scientific and technical terms into the local language and context, which enhances communication and engagement among all participants involved in the study.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Assessment of the tectonic activity of the Muong La–Bac Yen–Cho Bo Fault (Northwest Vietnam) by analysis of geomorphological indices
    (2025) Phung, Thi Thu Hang; [et al.]
    The Muong La–Bac Yen–Cho Bo fault is one of the seismic faults in the northwest region of Vietnam. Neo-tectonic activities and exogenous processes have influenced the drainage system and topographic–geomorphologic features on both walls of the fault. The results of topographic analysis and geomorphological indices have confirmed the active tectonics of the fault during the Neo-tectonic period (Pliocene–Quaternary, about 5 million years). The valley floor width-to-height ratio (Vf) of less than 0.5 indicates the “rejuvenation” of the streams and the obvious influence of tectonic activities on the two walls of the studied fault. The Hypsometric curve (HC) in the study area has a straight–convex shape and the basins on the northeast wall have hypsometric integral index values ranging from 0.46 to 0.481, which are lower and more convex than those of the southwest wall. The Mountain-front sinuosity index (Smf) from 1.92 to 3.28 along the foot slope of the Hoang Lien Son range (the segment from Than Uyen to Bac Yen and Phu Yen) and the highly variable stream-length gradient index (SL) value on the northeast wall signify the relative tectonic uplift on the northeast wall of the fault. The deformed geomorphological indications (steep cliffs, slip surfaces, etc.) in the field confirm the active tectonics of the Muong La–Bac Yen–Cho Bo fault during the Neo-tectonic period.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Association between IRF6, TP63, GREM1 gene polymorphisms and non-syndromic orofacial cleft phenotypes in Vietnamese population: A case–control and family-based study
    (2023-10-25) Nguyen, Gia Pham Loc; [et al.]
    This study aims to identify potential variants in the TP63–IRF6 pathway and GREM1 for the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) among the Vietnamese population. By collecting 527 case–parent trios and 527 control samples, we conducted a stratified analysis based on different NSOFC phenotypes, using allelic, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models for case–control analyses, and family-based association tests for case–parent trios. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also conducted. IRF6 rs2235375 showed a significant association with an increased risk for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the G allele, with pallele values of 0.0018 and 0.0003, respectively. Due to the recessive model (p = 0.0011) for the NSCL/P group, the reduced frequency of the GG genotype of rs2235375 was associated with a protective effect against NSCL/P. Additionally, offspring who inherited the G allele at rs2235375 had a 1.34-fold increased risk of NSCL/P compared to the C allele holders. IRF6 rs846810 and a G-G haplotype at rs2235375–rs846810 of IRF6 impacted NSCL/P, with p-values of 0.0015 and 0.0003, respectively. In conclusion, our study provided additional evidence for the association of IRF6 rs2235375 with NSCLP and NSCL/P. We also identified IRF6 rs846810 as a novel marker associated with NSCL/P, and haplotypes G-G and C-A at rs2235375–rs846810 of IRF6 associated with NSOFC.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Associations between perinatal dioxin exposure and circadian clock gene mrna expression in children in dioxin-contaminated areas of Vietnam
    (2025) Vu, Thi Hoa; [et al.]
    We investigated the impact of perinatal dioxin exposure (indicated by dioxin levels in maternal breast milk) on clock gene mRNA expression in buccal cells of 9-year-old children from the Da Nang birth cohort in Vietnam using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the 56 boys and 34 girls (67% detection rate) in whom PER1 was detected, BMAL1 was detected in only 16 boys and 15 girls. Dioxin levels were significantly higher in girls with BMAL1 detection than in girls without detection. In girls, higher relative BMAL1 expression levels were associated with greater levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and toxic equivalents of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Moreover, BMAL1 expression levels were correlated with shorter night sleep duration on weekdays, greater sleep duration on holidays, and higher hyperactivity scores. After adjusting for maternal parity, relative PER1 expression levels were higher in boys with higher toxic equivalents of polychlorinated dibenzofuran than those in girls. Although higher PER1 expression levels were correlated with greater verbal aggression and hostility scores in girls, no such associations were found in boys. These findings suggest the possible existence of sex-specific effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on circadian rhythms regulated by clock genes, particularly BMAL1, leading to sleep and behavioral problems in later life.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Challenges faced by teachers in teaching History and Geography in secondary schools—Dataset from Vietnam
    (2024) Pham, Thi Bich Dao; [et al.]
    The article summarizes a dataset that highlights teachers' perspectives on issues related the implementation of History and Geography curriculum in Vietnamese secondary schools. It particularly emphasizes the challenges faced by teachers during the initial years of the integrated curriculum implementation. Six key aspects pertaining to the History and Geography curriculum implementation addressed are: (1) teachers' specialized knowledge in their field of instruction, (2) teachers' perceptions of the History and Geography curriculum, (3) the current status of History and Geography teaching assignments in schools, (4) the challenges faced by teachers, (5) factors that cause challenges for teachers, and (6) teachers' expectations for effective History and Geography curriculum implementation. Data were collected from June 24, 2024, to July 2, 2024, through an online survey conducted on the Google Forms, with responses from 2,619 history and geography teachers across eight provinces in Vietnam. The data were organized and coded to ensure security and ease of analysis. The insights drawn from this analysis provide a deep understanding of the difficulties and challenges faced by history and geography teachers, thereby helping to identify the necessary factors to enhance the quality of education in this subject. This dataset is constructed with reusability in mind for subsequent research, facilitating comparisons and evaluations of changes or impacts on education quality over time and across geographical locations. This data can be applied in developing new educational policies, improving teacher training programs, and supporting further research on effective teaching methods. Moreover, sharing this dataset opens up opportunities for collaboration between researchers and educational institutions, enabling the joint discovery of optimal solutions for teaching History and Geography in Vietnam and beyond.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Characterization of an emerging recombinant duck circovirus in Northern Vietnam, 2023–2024
    (2025) Dong, Hieu Van; [et al.]
    This study aimed to characterize the duck circovirus circulating in Northern Vietnam based on complete genome sequences. Between 2023 and 2025, 45 pooled tissue samples were collected from nine duck flocks in several provinces in Northern Vietnam. Of the 45 samples tested, 16 (35.56%) were positive for the DuCV genome, as determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Nine representative strains were selected for viral genome sequencing. The results indicated that the complete Vietnamese DuCV genomes were from 1992 to 1995 bp in length, and the degree of nucleotide identity shared among them ranged from 96.88% to 99.84%. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes showed that the nine Vietnamese DuCV strains belonged to genotype I, subgenotypes Ia (two strains), Ib (four strains), and Ic (three strains). These viral strains were genetically related to viruses reported in China from 2019 to 2023. Recombination events occurred on the Cap gene sequences of three Vietnamese DuCV strains (Vietnam/VNUA-102/2023, Vietnam/VNUA-225/2023, and Vietnam/VNUA-318/2024). One positive selection was detected on the Rep protein sequence.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Characterization of zoonotic hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and wild boar in Vietnam: Implications for public health
    (2024) Cao, Le Chi; [et al.]
    Vietnam’s unprecedented demand for meat from livestock, including pigs and farmed wildlife, underscores the importance of understanding zoonotic reservoirs for hepatitis E virus (HEV). This study aimed to identify and characterize circulating zoonotic HEV in domestic pigs and wild boar to understand genotype frequencies, transmission dynamics, and associated human health burdens. Rectal swabs, feces, and liver samples from 415 pigs and 102 wild boars were collected across various farms and slaughterhouses in central and southern Vietnam and screened for HEV RNA using nested PCR. HEV RNA-positive samples underwent sanger sequencing and genotyping. Overall, 10% (n = 54/517) of samples were HEV RNA-positive, with wild boars exhibiting the highest HEV positivity rate at 25%, followed by domestic pigs at 7%. Southern Vietnam showed a higher HEV RNA positivity rate (20%) compared to central Vietnam (7%). Notably, rectal swabs demonstrated the highest positivity rate (15%), followed by feces (8%) and liver (4%). HEV-3a was the predominant genotype at 85%, followed by HEV-4b at 9% and HEV-3f at 6%. While HEV-3a was distributed across both central and southern Vietnam, HEV-3f was exclusively detected in central Vietnam, and HEV-4b was identified in wild boar in southern Vietnam. These findings underscore the substantial prevalence of HEV in wild boars, emphasizing their potential as crucial zoonotic reservoirs alongside domestic pigs. Further investigations involving occupationally exposed individuals in high-prevalence areas are warranted to evaluate the human health impact of zoonotic hepatitis E and inform preventive measures. Regular epidemiological studies are imperative for assessing the prevalence and transmission of zoonotic HEV infections among common reservoirs, thereby aiding in the prevention of spillover events within the community.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Climate change and rice production: Empirical evidence from Vietnam
    (2025) Le, Thanh Tung; [et al.]
    Vietnam has been one of the three largest exporting countries in the global rice market in the recent decades. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the impact of climate change on rice production in Vietnam from 2002 to 2022, focusing on key climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine, and humidity. Located in the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate, Vietnam’s agricultural sector is acutely vulnerable to the growing challenges posed by climate variability. Employing robust empirical techniques, the research reveals significant correlations between climatic factors and rice yields. The findings demonstrate that rising maximum temperatures contribute positively to rice production while lowering minimum temperatures lead to reduced yields. Rainfall is shown to play a critical role in boosting productivity, whereas elevated humidity levels exert a detrimental effect. These results highlight the profound sensitivity of rice production to climatic changes, reinforcing the urgency for implementing adaptive measures and climate-resilient strategies to ensure the sustainability and stability of rice production in the face of a changing climate.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Clinical features and antibiotic resistance in pediatric pneumococcal meningitis in Southern Vietnam, 2012–2023: A multicenter retrospective study
    (2025) Truong, Hieu Cong; [et al.]
    Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. This study investigates the clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, serotype distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns in Vietnamese children aged 1–59 months with pneumococcal meningitis (PM). Methods: This retrospective study (2012–2023) was conducted at two tertiary pediatric hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City. CSF samples from probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were analyzed using biochemistry, culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Serotyping and antibiotic-resistance genes were identified using quadriplex rt-PCR. Results: Among 2922 PBM cases, 155 (5.3 %) were confirmed as PM. Of these, 58.7 % occurred in children under one year and 62.6 % during the rainy season. Fever (98.1 %) and vomiting (67.7 %) were the most common symptoms. Infants under 12 months frequently exhibited nonspecific signs like convulsions (48.4 %) and bulging fontanels (34.1 %), while older children displayed classic symptoms such as neck stiffness (32.4 %) and behavioral changes (26.5 %). CSF analysis revealed turbid appearance, WBC ≥ 100 cells/ mm³ (85.2 %), and protein ≥ 1 g/L (60.0 %) (p < 0.05). Severe outcomes were noted in 17.4 % of PM cases, with a 3.2 % fatality rate. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotypes caused 81.3 % of confirmed cases, predominantly serotypes 6 A/B (34.8 %) and 19 F (20.0 %). Among 137 isolates tested, high prevalence rates were observed for the pbp2b (68.6 %), mef(A)/erm(B) (93.4 %), and tetM (92.0 %) resistance genes. Additionally, 61.3 % of isolates showed multiple resistance genes, particularly in serotypes 6 A/B, 23 F, 9 V, and 13. Antibiotic resistance in non-PCV13 serotypes increased over time. Conclusions: PM in Vietnamese children presents age-specific clinical presentations and is predominantly caused by highly resistant PCV13 serotypes. The rising resistance in non-PCV13 serotypes poses a formidable challenge in managing pneumococcal infections. These findings emphasize the urgent need for PCV introduction in the national immunization program and ongoing resistance surveillance.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Color mechanism analysis and origin comparison of pink-purple sapphires from Vietnam and Madagascar
    (2025) Guo, Qiurong; [et al.]
    Extensive research has already been conducted on sapphires, yet there remains a notable absence of methods available to identify the provenance of pink-purple sapphires, particularly those originating from Vietnam and Madagascar. This study examined pink-purple sapphires from Vietnam and Madagascar by conducting basic gemological tests, microscopic observations, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and LA ICP MS, while also drawing comparisons with pink-red corundum from other locations. In appearance, the Vietnamese samples have a foggy appearance and orange iridescence, while the Madagascan samples show a relatively strong purple hue. The color origin analysis reveals that the absorption peaks of the ultraviolet spectrum caused by Cr3+ in the yellow-green and blue-purple regions account for the pink color of the Vietnamese and Madagascan samples. The lower UV wavelength position of the two main peaks in the Madagascan samples, as compared to the Vietnamese ones, indicates that Fe3+ d–d transitions, as well as transitions between Fe2+—Ti4+ and Fe3+—Ti3+ ions, enhance blue light transmission and cause the samples to tend towards a purple hue. Regarding inclusions, the Vietnamese samples are characterized by white and blue bands, cloudy inclusions, and extensive yellow-orange staining, whereby the cloudy inclusions give them their special appearance, and their calcite and apatite inclusions indicate that they come from marble-type deposits. The presence of many small-grained zircon formations, especially clusters, in the Madagascan samples indicates that they come from alkaline basalt. Chemical analysis confirmed the origin of the samples from the two locations. Compared with the pink-red corundum of the same marble type (Myanmar and Yunnan, China), the Vietnamese samples have lower V, Mg, and Ga contents and a higher Fe content. Compared with the pink-red corundum of the high-iron type (Thailand, Cambodia, and Tanzania), the Madagascan samples have lower Fe and higher Ga contents overall. This study possesses considerable significance in tracing and identifying the origin of pink-purple sapphires
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Comparative examination of phytonutrients and antioxidant activity of commonly consumed nuts and seeds grown in Vietnam
    (2022) Nguyen, H. D. Trang; [et al.]
    The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolics, carotenoids, B-vitamins, and antioxidant activity of nuts and seeds grown in Vietnam. The concentrations of carotenoids and B-vitamins may vary among the nuts and seeds. Watermelon seed contained the highest level of lutein while pumpkin seed was the β-carotene richest sample. Sachi inchi and sunflower seed comprised considerable levels of vitamin B1, B6, and B9. The phenolic analysis revealed that cashew contained the highest total amount of flavonoids (466.04 µg/g), with catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 predominating over the other flavonoids. Likewise, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids made up the highest total amount of phenolic acids in sunflower seed (1870.41 µg/g). Walnut appeared to possess the highest antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and reducing power assays. The correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations between total phenolic content with DPPH and FRAP values. Principal component analysis graphically showed the distant positioning of cashew and sunflower seed, highlighting their significantly higher levels of phenolics. The findings of the study would be useful to improve nutrient database contents for flavonoids and phenolic acids as well as to promote the consumption of nut and seed products in Vietnam.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Comparing the effectiveness of machine learning and deep learning models in student credit scoring: A case study in Vietnam
    (2025) Nguyen, Thi Hong Thuy; [et al.]
    In emerging markets like Vietnam, where student borrowers often lack traditional credit histories, accurately predicting loan eligibility remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. While machine learning and deep learning techniques have shown promise in credit scoring, their comparative performance in the context of student loans has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate and compare the predictive effectiveness of four supervised learning models—such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, and Deep Neural Network (implemented with PyTorch version 2.6.0)—in forecasting student credit eligibility. Primary data were collected from 1024 university students through structured surveys covering academic, financial, and personal variables. The models were trained and tested on the same dataset and evaluated using a comprehensive set of classification and regression metrics. The findings reveal that each model exhibits distinct strengths. Deep Learning achieved the highest classification accuracy (85.55%), while random forest demonstrated robust performance, particularly in providing balanced results across classification metrics. Gradient Boosting was effective in recall-oriented tasks, and support vector machine demonstrated strong precision for the positive class, although its recall was lower compared to other models. The study highlights the importance of aligning model selection with specific application goals, such as prioritizing accuracy, recall, or interpretability. It offers practical implications for financial institutions and universities in developing machine learning and deep learning tools for student loan eligibility prediction. Future research should consider longitudinal data, behavioral factors, and hybrid modeling approaches to further optimize predictive performance in educational finance.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Comprehensive analysis of stroke epidemiology in Vietnam: Insights from GBD 1990–2019 and RES-Q 2017–2023
    (2025) Tran, Minh Cong; [et al.]
    Background: Stroke is a significant health burden in Vietnam, with substantial impacts on mortality, morbidity, and healthcare resources. An up-to-date report on stroke epidemiology and associated risk factors in Vietnam was missing. Method: We analyzed the data published in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, in combination with the first-time analysis of the Registry of Stroke Care Quality Improvement (RES-Q) initiative in Vietnam from 2017 to 2023. Findings: Comparative analysis globally revealed that Vietnam had one of the highest stroke incidence and prevalence rates in Southeast Asia and ranked 4th in stroke mortality among 11 neighbouring countries. In the RES-Q dataset, 95,696 patients (77 %) were ischemic stroke, 23,203 (18 %) were intracerebral haemorrhage, and 2816 (2 %) were subarachnoid haemorrhage. In GBD 2019, stroke was the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases in Vietnam, accounting for 135,999 fatalities. The incidence of stroke was 222 (95 % UIs 206–242) per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 1541 (1430-1679) per 100,000. Results align with the report from the RES-Q dataset in two megacities of Vietnam: Hanoi (incidence rate of 168.9, prevalence rate of 1182.2) and Ho Chi Minh City (incidence rate of 207.1, prevalence rate of 1221.8). Key risk factors for stroke mortality are high systolic blood pressure (79,000 deaths), unhealthy dietary (43,000 deaths), high fasting plasma glucose (35,000 deaths), and air pollution (33,000 deaths). Incidence is lower in rural Vietnam, but availability and quality of care are higher in megacities. Interpretation: The results promote a further understanding of stroke and risk factors for the Vietnamese population and suggest prevention and treatment strategies for the Vietnamese government, including facility and capacity improvement and applications of advanced technologies.
  • Hình ảnh thu nhỏ
    Ấn phẩm
    Computer-aided detection for chest radiography to improve the quality of tuberculosis diagnosis in Vietnam’s district health facilities: An implementation study
    (2023-10-29) Innes, Anh L.; [et al.]
    In Vietnam, chest radiography (CXR) is used to refer people for GeneXpert (Xpert) testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), demonstrating high yield for TB but a wide range of CXR abnormality rates. In a multi-center implementation study, computer-aided detection (CAD) was integrated into facility-based TB case finding to standardize CXR interpretation. CAD integration was guided by a programmatic framework developed for routine implementation. From April through December 2022, 24,945 CXRs from TB-vulnerable populations presenting to district health facilities were evaluated. Physicians interpreted all CXRs in parallel with CAD (qXR 3.0) software, for which the selected TB threshold score was ≥0.60. At three months, there was 47.3% concordance between physician and CAD TB-presumptive CXR results, 7.8% of individuals who received CXRs were referred for Xpert testing, and 858 people diagnosed with Xpert-confirmed TB per 100,000 CXRs. This increased at nine months to 76.1% concordant physician and CAD TB-presumptive CXRs, 9.6% referred for Xpert testing, and 2112 people with Xpert-confirmed TB per 100,000 CXRs. Our programmatic CAD-CXR framework effectively supported physicians in district facilities to improve the quality of referral for diagnostic testing and increase TB detection yield. Concordance between physician and CAD CXR results improved with training and was important to optimize Xpert testing.
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    Ấn phẩm
    Confucian educational thought and its relevance to contemporary Vietnamese education
    (2025) Nguyen, Thi Phuong; [et al.]
    This study explores the contemporary relevance of Confucian educational thought in the context of Vietnam’s ongoing educational reform. It examines how foundational Confucian principles—particularly those related to moral cultivation, pedagogical methods, and the role of the learner—can be adapted to align with modern educational objectives. Employing a qualitative, comparative methodology, the research analyzes classical Confucian texts, historical records, and current Vietnamese education policy documents, alongside Humboldtian liberal ideals. The findings demonstrate that Confucian values such as benevolence (ren), ritual propriety (li), and exemplary moral conduct continue to offer meaningful frameworks for promoting ethical development and civic responsibility. Pedagogical techniques, including heuristic questioning, modeling, and situational teaching, remain relevant to modern goals like critical thinking and learner autonomy. While some critiques highlight limitations in Confucianism’s hierarchical structure or insufficient scientific orientation, this study also incorporates existing research showing that Confucian education—particularly across East Asia—has been positively associated with fostering students’ creativity and critical thinking. This paper distinguishes itself by proposing a hybrid model that critically adapts Confucian pedagogy in conjunction with Humboldtian liberalism to enhance both moral grounding and cognitive autonomy in Vietnamese education. The research concludes that a critically integrative approach can support Vietnam in building a culturally grounded, morally resilient, and globally competitive education system.
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    Ấn phẩm
    Constituents from the fruiting bodies of trametes cubensis and trametes suaveolens in Vietnam and their anti-inflammatory bioactivity
    (2021) Li, Yue-Chiun; [et al.]
    It is reported that various fungi have been used for medicine and edible foods. The tropical Trametes genus is popular and well-known in Vietnam for its health effects and bioactivities. In this study, the fruiting bodies of the edible fungi T. cubensis and T. suaveolens were collected in Vietnam. The preliminary bioactivity screening data indicated that the methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of T. cubensis and T. suaveolens displayed significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Therefore, the isolation and characterization were performed on these two species by a combination of chromatographic methods and spectrometric analysis. In total, twenty-four compounds were identified, and among these (1–3) were characterized by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRMS analytical data. In addition, the anti-inflammatory potentials of some purified compounds were examined by the cellular model for the inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Among the isolated compounds, (5,14), and (19) displayed significant anti-inflammatory potential. As the results suggest, the extracts and isolated compounds from T. cubensis and T. suaveolens are potential candidates for the further development of new anti-inflammatory lead drugs or natural healthy foods.